Proceeding International Conference on Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya
The Proceeding International Conference on Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya (ICoHPS) is an annual international conference organized by the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health in Surabaya. The conference covers various health disciplines, including Nursing, Midwifery, Environmental Health, Medical Laboratory Technology, Dental Health, and Nutrition. ICoHPS aims to allow presenters and participants to share knowledge and experiences in Health Science and Technology, increase public awareness about resilience in facing health problems, build networks, and create collaborations among researchers or scientists. Journal Title :Proceeding International Conference on Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya Initial : ICOHPS Frequency : 2 issues per year (March and September) e-ISSN : 3030-878X Editor-in-Chief : Dr. Triwiyanto (Scopus, Orcid, Publons, Researchgate) Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya Publisher Office : Jl. Pucang Jajar Tengah No. 56, Surabaya, Indonesia
KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL AND ORAL HYGIENE USING FLASHCARD MEDIA IN CLASS IV ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN (STUDY AT SDN JAJAR TUNGGAL III)
Background: The behavior of Indonesian children in maintaining dental and oral health is still low. The factors that cause poor dental and oral hygiene in elementary school students are the environment, the influence of the school environment also plays a very important role in the development of knowledge in students. Object: The problem of this study is the high OHI-S in grade IV students of SDN Jajar Tunggal III Surabaya. The purpose of this study is to find out the knowledge of dental and oral hygiene with the use of flash card media in grade IV students at SDN Jajar Tunggal III Surabaya. Methode: This research method is descriptive research. The target in this study was grade IV students of SDN Jajar Tunggal III Surabaya with 40 respondents. The method of data collection was using a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique in this study after filling out the questionnaire, the data collected from the questionnaire was processed scoring. Each answer will be categorized and calculated for data analysis. The total number of respondents' answers that have been calculated as a percentage will be presented in the form of a table. Results: The results of this study show that the knowledge of dental and oral hygiene with the use of flash card media in grade IV students at SDN Jajar Tunggal III Surabaya is included in the good category
Copyright (c) 2026 Proceeding International Conference on Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya
THE EFFECT OF COUNSELING USING THE DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON CHANGES IN TOOTH BRUSHING SKILLS OF THE ELDERLY AT THE PASEAN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER
Background: The elderly are a vulnerable group to financial with health imbalances. The lack of understanding of the elderly about dental health is caused by nescience. Counseling is carried out so that eldelry able to identify and prevent dental and oral problems. Improving the skills of the elderly is the best way to maintain dental health, namely by using the demonstration method, so that the elderly can be skilled in brushing their teeth and avoid dental and oral health problems. Method: Current study uses a qualitative analytical approach by monitoring 36 elderly people at the Pasean Community Health Center as respondents. Data were collected through a checklist observation sheet that measures the level of elderly people's tooth brushing skills at the Pasean Community Health Center. Data analysis used the Quasi Experiment technique. Results: The results of the study showed that there was an influence between the demonstration method counseling on transformation with the elderly's tooth brushing skills at the Pasean Health Center, value the Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) is .000 which was smaller relative to (0.05). This implied before counseling was carried out by applying the demonstration technique, elderly skill with brushing teeth was include to category of needing guidance, and after counseling was carried out by applying the demonstration technique, eldelry skill with brushing teeth was include to very good category.
PREGNANT WOMEN'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT GINGIVITIS WITH FLIPCHART MEDIA AT THE PALNG TUBAN HEALTH CENTER
Background: The most common periodontal tissue diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis, most pregnant women experience inflammation of the gums or gingivitis. In the initial data, it was found that 8 pregnant women had a lack of knowledge about gingivitis. Object: This study aims to find out knowledge about gingivitis by using flip chart media in mothers at the Palang Tuban Health Center Methode: What is used is descriptive with pretest and posttest questionnaires, namely by providing questionnaires before (pretest) and after (posttest) counseling is carried out. Results: Pregnant women can learn more about gingivitis by using flip charts; their average level of knowledge is 85%. Conclusion : Media Flip Chart can make it easier for presenters to explain material or pictures or writing. The study's findings indicate that Flip Chart media can help pregnant women get information about gingivitis.
THE EFFECT OF COUNSELING USING DENTAL POP-UP BOOK MEDIA ON HYGIENE KNOWLEDGE OF GRADE 7 AND STUDENTS AT AZ-ZAHRO SUKODONO MIDDLE SCHOOL
Background: Problems with dental and oral health can have a negative impact on daily life, including decreasing general health, reducing levels of self-confidence, and interfering with performance and attendance at school, work, or other activities. One of the factors causing dental and oral health problems in children is behavioral factors, which can be shown by children ignoring their dental and oral health. The problem of this research is the high Debris Index in grade 7 and 8 students at Az-Zahro Sukodono Sidoarjo Middle School. Object: The aim of this research is to determine knowledge of dental and oral hygiene using dental pop-up book media among students in grades 7 and 8 of Az-zahro Sukodono Sidoarjo Middle School. Methode: This research method is descriptive research. The targets in this research were students in grades 7 and 8 of Az-Zahro Sukodono Sidoarjo Middle School with 52 respondents. The data collection method uses a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis method in this research is that after filling in the questionnaire, the data collected from the questionnaire is processed by scoring. Each answer will be categorized and calculated for data analysis. The total number of respondents' answers which have been calculated in percentages will be presented in table form. Results: The results of this study indicate that the knowledge of dental and oral hygiene using dental pop-up book media in grade 7 and 8 students at Az-zahro Sukodono Sidoarjo Middle School is included in the good.
EFFECT OF MYSTERY BOX DENTAL MEDIA ON DENTAL CARIES KNOWLEDGE
Background: Dental caries persists as a major public health issue in the field of oral health due to its high prevalence among children of elementary school age. Insufficient knowledge has been identified as a contributing factor, particularly among students in grades 4–6 at Bajang 1 Talun Elementary School, Blitar Regency, which increases their vulnerability to dental caries. Object: This study aims to evaluate students’ cognitive grasp regarding dental caries through the use of the Mystery Box Dental educational medium. Method: This research utilized a descriptive design and was conducted at Bajang 1 Elementary School, Blitar Regency, with a sample of 37 participants. Data collection was performed using structured questionnaires, and the responses were analyzed by calculating mean values, which were then expressed in percentages. Results: The findings of this study revealed an improvement in students’ knowledge, shifting from the poor category to the good category. Thus, it can be deduced that the Mystery Box Dental medium effectively enhanced the knowledge of dental caries among students in grades 4–6 at Bajang 1 Elementary School, Blitar Regency, with the overall level of knowledge falling into the good category.
KNOWLEDGE OF TOOTHBRUSHING AMONG SIXTH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AFTER USING ANIMATED VIDEOS
Background: Oral hygiene is an important aspect of maintaining overall health, but many elementary school children still do not understand the correct technique for brushing their teeth. Object: This study aims to determine the increase in knowledge of sixth-grade students at Praja Mukti Elementary School in Surabaya regarding the correct way to brush their teeth through animated videos. Methode: The study used a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The population and sample of the study consisted of all 35 sixth-grade students. The research instrument was a questionnaire administered before and after the screening of an animated video on how to brush teeth. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques by calculating the average score of the respondents' answers as a percentage. Results: The results showed that before the intervention, the students' knowledge level was in the poor category with an average score of 33%, covering knowledge about brushing time (42%), toothbrush selection and maintenance (29%), and brushing movements (30%). After receiving education through animated videos, the average knowledge of students increased to 88%, which is in the good category, with significant improvements in all three aspects: tooth brushing time (86%), toothbrush selection and maintenance (90%), and tooth brushing movements (88%). Conclusion: These results show that animated videos are effective in improving students' knowledge of proper tooth brushing techniques because they convey information in an interesting and easy-to-understand manner and strengthen students' memory
DENTO BOARD GAME: AN EDUCATIONAL MEDIA TO IMPROVE FIFTH-GRADE STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DENTAL CARIES
Background: Oral and dental health are crucial factors affecting an individual’s overall health. Untreated oral health issues among school-aged children can negatively affect their overall growth and development, leading to problems such as toothache, reduce participant in daily activities, increased school absenteeism and disrupted appetite. The problem in this study is the high rate of caries among fifth-grade student at SDN Kedungdoro V, Surabaya. Object: This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge about dental caries among fifth-grade students at SDN Kedungdoro V, Surabaya using dento board game. Method: This study is a descriptive research project with 52 students. Data were collected using questionnaires before and after the conseling session. Data analysis techniques were based on the questionnaires results. Score were obtained by summing the correct answer, dividing them by the total number of question, and then converting them into percentage, which were presented in tabular form. Results: The results of the research before counseling were carried out using the Dento Board Game, media were in the low category. Meanwhile, after counselling using Dento Board Game media, it was in the sufficient category.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT'S KNOWLEDGE OF THE PROPER WAY TO BRUSH THEIR TEETH USING FLASH CARD
Background: Oral and dental health problems not only affect adults but also children, especially elementary school children. Children are vulnerable to oral health problems due to poor dental hygiene resulting from a lack of knowledge about proper tooth brushing techniques. The problem in this study is the low frequency of brushing teeth twice a day among third-grade students at SDN Mojo I Surabaya. Object: The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of third-grade students at SDN Mojo I Surabaya about the correct way to brush their teeth after providing health education using Flash Cards. This research method was descriptive. Methode: The target group was 31 third-grade students at SDN Mojo I Surabaya. Data collection used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this study was calculating the average results of respondents' answers, converting them into percentages, and then presenting them in tabular form. Results: The results of this study indicate that the knowledge level of third-grade students at SDN Mojo I Surabaya regarding tooth brushing frequency and time, proper brushing technique, toothpaste usage, and toothbrush selection is good after providing education using Flash Cards.
PREGNANT WOMEN'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DENTAL CARIES DURING ANTE-NATAL CARE USING ANIMATED VIDEO MEDIA AT THE PALANG TUBAN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER
Background: Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems experienced by pregnant women and can affect both maternal health and fetal development. Low knowledge regarding dental caries is one of the contributing factors to its high prevalence among pregnant women. Object: This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of pregnant women about dental caries before and after receiving education using animated video media during Ante Natal Care (ANC) visits at Palang Public Health Center Tuban. Methode: This research employed a descriptive design with data collected through pre-test and post-test questionnaires administered to 30 pregnant women. Results: The results showed that before the education was given, most respondents had a low level of knowledge (70%), followed by a moderate level (30%), and none in the good category. After receiving education through animated video media, knowledge levels increased significantly, with 90% of respondents achieving a good category, 10% moderate, and none in the low category. These findings demonstrate that animated video media is effective in improving pregnant women’s knowledge about dental caries. Conclusion : It can be concluded that animated videos serve as an engaging and easyto-understand educational tool that successfully enhances comprehension regarding the prevention of dental caries among pregnant women.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CARIES USING DENTAL STORY STICKER MEDIA
Background: Dental and oral health problems remain an important issue in Indonesia. These problems are not only experienced by adults but also by children, especially elementary school students. One of the most common issues is dental caries, which is caused by a lack of knowledge among children about tooth decay. A total of 79% of students experience dental caries, while 21% are caries-free. This result is lower compared to data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI), which showed that the proportion of caries-free children aged 10–14 years was 35.5%. Object: This study aims to describe the level of knowledge about dental caries among fourth-grade students at SDN Ploso I Surabaya before and after receiving education using the dental story sticker media. Methode: The study employed a descriptive design with a pretest and posttest approach. The research sample consisted of all fourth-grade students (classes 4A and 4B) at SDN Ploso I Surabaya, totaling 42 students, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and the responses were analyzed by calculating averages and converting them into percentages. Results: The results indicated that students’ knowledge before the intervention was at a moderate level, but after the health education using the dental story sticker media, it improved to a good level. Conclusion : This media effectively helped students understand the importance of maintaining oral health and preventing dental caries through an engaging and enjoyable learning approach.
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DENTAL CARIES AMONG SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SDN 1 KEDUNGKUMPUL, SUKORAME, LAMONGAN
Background: Dental caries is damage that is limited to tooth tissue starting from tooth enamel to spreading to dentin (tooth bone). The problem of this research is the low knowledge of students about caries in grade VI students at SDN 1 Kedungkumpul Sukorame Lamongan. Object: The purpose of this study is to determine the description of knowledge about dental caries in grade VI students of SDN 1 Kedungkumpul Sukorame Lamongan in 2024. Method: The data collection method used a questionnaire sheet that was distributed to grade VI students of SDN 1 Kedungkumpul Sukorame Lamongan. The type of research used is descriptive research with a cross-sectional approach. The target of this study was all grade VI students at SDN 1 Kedungkumpul Sukorame Lamongan as many as 36 students. The data analysis technique used in this study was percentage. Results: The results of the study showed that the knowledge of grade VI students at SDN 1 Kedungkumpul Sukorame Lamongan was included in the sufficient category.
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CARIES USING BUSYBOOK MEDIA IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SHILDREN (IN RT 04 DUSUN KRAMAT JAJAR TUNGGAL WIYUNG SURABAYA)
Background: Dental caries represents a major public health concern problems in elementary school children. It is known that children find it quite difficult to maintain their dental health so that there are high cases of caries in children, especially in elementary school (SD). Object: The purpose of this study was to measure caries knowledge before (pretest) and after (posttest) counseling using busybook media. Methode: The sample of this study was children in the RT 04 Environment of Kramat Jajar Tunggal Wiyung Surabaya Hamlet, taken by by applying simple random sampling with the Slovin formula, the sample obtained consisted of 43 samples of children who participated in this study. This study applies a pre-experimental design using the one-group pretest–posttest model, where measurements are taken before and after the intervention on the same group provision of an initial questionnaire before counseling (pretest) and the provision of a questionnaire after counseling (posttest). Data collection techniques are carried out using simple data analysis calculation techniques by calculating the difference between the pretest and posttest scores. Results: The results of the data analysis found that the pretest value was in the poor category, namely 46% with the level of knowledge before the counseling was carried out, and there was an increase of 44% in the posttest value with a good category, namely 90% After the counseling took place, differences were identified in the knowledge levels of the children, showing the level of knowledge of children in the RT 04 Dusun Kramat Jajar Tunggal Wiyung Surabaya environment after counseling with busybook media was in the good category
THE USE OF POP-UP BOOK FOR CHILDREN WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES TOWARDS INCREASING KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH
Background: Children with intellectual disabilities often found to have problems with their oral health, such as plaque and debris build-up, poor oral hygiene and caries. This is due to limitations influenced by several factors on motor characteristics, food and beverages that are usually consumed and on minimal knowledge. The problem that the researcher found was the high plaque index in SLB B-C Optimal and SLB Kumara II. Object: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in knowledge about oral health in children with intellectual disabilities using pop-up book media in SLB B-C Optimal Surabaya and SLB AKW Kumara II Surabaya. Method: The method used by researchers to collect data using questionnaires before and after counseling with pop-up book media. The type of research used was PreExperiment with One-Group Pretest-Post test design involving 44 children with disabilities. Results: The results of data analysis with the Wilcoxon test obtained sig = 0.000 which means smaller than α 0.05. Conclusion: This study is that there is a difference in increasing knowledge about dental and oral hygiene before and after being given counseling using popup book media for SLB B-C Optimal Surabaya and SLB AKW Kumara II Surabaya.
ABDOMINAL CIRCUMFERENCE, BODY MASS INDEKS, AND CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Background: Obesity is defined as an abnormal increase in body fat. Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus. Obesity can be detected using Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference. Object: The purpose of this study was to determine waist circumference, BMI, blood cholesterol levels, and blood sugar levels in DM patients. Methode: This descriptive study involved 70 adult patients with DM selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: The results showed that the respondents' average age was 60 years. The majority of DM patients in this study were female and had no family history of diabetes. The average duration of DM was 5.63 years. The average BMI, LP, blood glucose levels, and cholesterol levels were 26.24, 92.29, 219.57, and 204.90, respectively. DM patients had an average nutritional status, as indicated by a BMI in the overweight range, a waist circumference above normal, blood glucose levels above normal, and cholesterol levels also above normal. Conclusion: Based on this data, DM patients are at risk of complications, so they must remain vigilant and follow proper, regular disease management.
RELATIONSHIP OF FAMILY SUPPORT (DUGA) AND PEER CONFORMITY WITH ONLINE GAME ADDICTION
Background: The development of technology has led to an increase in the use of online games among adolescents. Online game addiction can have an impact on academic, social, and psychological aspects. Object: This study was conducted to determine the relationship of DUGA (Family Support) and peer conformity with online game addiction in adolescents. Method: This research used a quantitative correlative analysis approach with a cross sectional design. The sample amounted to 244 8th grade students at SMPN 1 Cluring who had been selected through purposive sampling technique based on certain criteria. The instruments used were Family Support Scale, Peer Conformity, and Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) questionnaires using the Chi Square test and ordinal logistic regression. Results: The results obtained showed that most respondents had family support in the moderate category (45.5%), peer conformity in the moderate category (92.6%), and the level of online game addiction in the moderate category (49.2%). Chi Square test results showed a significant relationship between DUGA and online game addiction (p=0.000) and between peer conformity and online game addiction (p=0.000). The results of multivariate analysis showed that DUGA was the most dominant factor associated with online game addiction (p=0.000; Wald=94,503). Conclusion: Improving communication and parental involvement in children's activities is important for strengthening emotional support and positive supervision. Educational institutions are expected to provide education on the negative effects of gaming addiction and foster a healthy and supportive social environment.
BEHAVIOR OF DIABETIC ULCER PREVENTION IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT GADING PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, SURABAYA
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant health issue that can lead to serious complications, including diabetic ulcers. Many diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia still lack knowledge about how to prevent diabetic ulcer complications due to insufficient understanding, attitudes, and preventive actions. Object: This study aims to examine the behavior of diabetic ulcer prevention among patients with diabetes mellitus. Method: This research employs a descriptive design. The population consists of 50 patients with diabetes mellitus who visited the Gading Public Health Center in Surabaya within one month. The sample size for this study is 50 respondents, selected using non-probability sampling. The variable is the behavior of patients with diabetes mellitus, encompassing three domains: knowledge, attitudes, and actions. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires, and the data were analyzed descriptively, with results presented in frequency distribution tables. Results: The results showed that 4 DM patients (8%) exhibited good preventive behavior, 32 DM patients (64%) Sufficient behavior, and 14 DM patients (28%) demonstrated poor behavior. This study indicates that the majority of patients with diabetes mellitus exhibit moderate preventive behavior regarding diabetic ulcers. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus and their families are encouraged to practice proper foot care.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SLOW DEEP BREATHING THERAPY IN FIRST-TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN IN HYPERTENSION
Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is defined as an increase in blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg occurring after 20 weeks of gestation, and it remains one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Object: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of slow deep breathing therapy in reducing blood pressure among first-trimester pregnant women with hypertension in the working area of Sepanjang Glenmore Community Health Center, Banyuwangi. Methode: This research employed a quantitative approach using a preexperimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 33 first-trimester pregnant women with hypertension, selected through consecutive sampling. The intervention slow deep breathing therapy was performed for 15 minutes per session, three times daily, over three consecutive days. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results: Pre-test data indicated that 100% of respondents were classified as having mild hypertension. After the intervention, post-test results showed that the majority of respondents were in the pre-hypertension category (81.82%), followed by normal (12.12%), and only 6.06% remained in mild hypertension. The Wilcoxon test demonstrated a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Slow deep breathing therapy proved effective in reducing blood pressure among first-trimester pregnant women with hypertension. This technique is expected to serve as a non-pharmacological intervention reference for midwives, particularly in the Sepanjang Glenmore Community Health Center area, to support hypertension control efforts during pregnancy.
THE EFFECT OF FAMILY TYPE, PARENTAL STRESS LEVEL, AND DRINKING WATER TYPE ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN AGED 1-5 YEARS
Background: The nutritional status of toddlers reflects the quality of their health and development. In Indonesia, nutritional problems such as stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight remain prevalent. Family factors, parental stress, and drinking water quality play important roles, but are rarely studied simultaneously. Object: This study aims to identify the influence of family type, parental stress levels, and drinking water type on the nutritional status of children aged 1-5 years in the Spenajang Community Health Center area. Method: A quantitative, correlational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 90 respondents using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression. Results: The nutritional status of children showed wasting in 5.6%, underweight in 22.2%, overweight in 27.8%, and normal in 44.4%. There was a significant influence between family type (p=0.028), parental stress (p=0.046), and drinking water type (p=0.027) on nutritional status. Multivariate analysis showed family type as the dominant factor (p=0.001; Wald=10.261; OR=1.03), followed by parental stress (OR=0.78; p=0.002) and drinking water type (OR=0.80; p=0.004). Conclusion: Family factors, parental psychological well-being, and water quality significantly contribute to nutritional status, with family type being the most influential factor. Promotive interventions for child nutrition require family involvement and improvements in household water quality
THE EFFECT OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT EDUCATION USING E-BOOKLET MEDIA ON STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AT MAN SIDOARJO
Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is the leading cause of sudden death, which can be minimized by providing Basic Life Support (BLS) quickly and appropriately. Object: This study aims to determine the effect of BLS education using e-booklets on the knowledge level of 10th grade students at MAN Sidoarjo. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 82 students selected using simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: The results showed that before the education was provided, most students had insufficient knowledge (62.2%), and after the education was provided, there was a significant increase with 79.3% of students in the good knowledge category. The statistical test results showed a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05), which means that there was a significant effect of BLS education through e-booklets on increasing student knowledge. Conclusion: E-booklets have proven to be an effective educational medium in improving students' knowledge of BLS. It is recommended that e-booklets be used more widely in BLS learning and training activities in schools to improve students' preparedness in dealing with emergencies.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TYPE AND SELF-CONFIDENCE IN ADOLESCENTS
Background: Self -confidence plays an important role in shaping positive attitudes and mental readiness in adolescents to undergo complex developmental tasks. will improve mental abilities and use sense believe self on ability And knowledge his personal For maximize effect positive. Object: This study was to determine the relationship between personality type and adolescent self-confidence Method: correlational research . The total population of first and second year students of the Diploma III Nursing Study Program at Sutopo Campus was 193 adolescents. The sample consisted of 130 adolescents from the student body. Sampling was conducted using simple random sampling. The measuring instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman's rho statistical test with p < α = 0.05. Results: The study showed that a small number of adolescents with introverted personality types, or as many as 7 adolescents (5.4%), had low self-confidence. Adolescents with extroverted personalities, mostly or as many as 87 adolescents (66.9%), had moderate self-confidence. The relationship test using Spearman row obtained p = 0.01 < p = 0.05. Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between personality types and adolescent self-confidence. It is hoped that students with a better understanding of personality types can more easily identify strengths and potential and can be improved so as to strengthen self-confidence. Efforts with a better understanding of how personality characteristics and self-involvement in self-development activities
THE INFLUENCE OF PUERSED LIP BREATHING AND DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING EXERCISES ON DYSPNEA AMONG PNEUMONIA PATIENTS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Background: Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection frequently causes shortness of breath due to impaired gas exchange and alveolar inflammation. Non-pharmacological interventions such as Pursed Lip Breathing (PLB) and Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise (DBE) have been shown to improve ventilation and oxygenation in respiratory disorders. Object: This study aimed to determine the effect of PLB and DBE on dyspnea levels among pneumonia patients in the Emergency Department. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design (Both the groups consisted of 8 respondents each, yielding a total of 16 respondents). Sixteen pneumonia patients with dyspnea selected using inclusion criteria and divided into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. Each intervention was performed in 5 cycles, consisting of 5 repetitions of PLB and DBE followed by a 2-minute rest. Dyspnea levels (Oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The mean SpO₂ in the intervention group increased from 91.62 to 98.87, while in the control group it increased from 90.87 to 97.62. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the intervention group (p = 0.000), indicating that PLB and DBE effectively improved oxygenation and reduced dyspnea compared to standard oxygen therapy alone. Conclusion: Pursed Lip Breathing and Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises significantly improve oxygen saturation and reduce dyspnea in pneumonia patients. These techniques are simple, safe, and can be recommended as supportive nonpharmacological interventions in emergency respiratory care.
EMPOWERING COMMUNITY HEALTH CADRES AS PROMOTERS OF EMERGENCY PREVENTION AND NEUROPATHY SCREENING IN DIABETES MELLITUS CASE
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a growing global health concern, particularly due to its acute and chronic complications, including hyperglycemic crisis, hypoglycemic episodes, and diabetic neuropathy. Strengthening the role of community health cadres is an essential strategy to improve early detection and community-based prevention. Object: This community engagement program aimed to empower 40 health cadres in Pacar Kembang Urban Village through structured training, hands-on workshops, and mentoring sessions. Method: The intervention consisted of education on DM emergencies, practical skills training for early detection of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and neuropathy screening techniques. Evaluation using pre–post assessment and observation checklists demonstrated a significant improvement in cadres’ competencies, including recognition of emergency signs and accurate performance of neuropathy screening using sensory examination tools. Mentoring sessions reinforced their practical skills, increasing confidence and readiness in community-level implementation. Results: The program highlights the effectiveness of cadre empowerment as a scalable approach to enhance early detection, reduce delayed treatment, and strengthen community-based diabetes care Conclusion: This program provides evidence that cadre empowerment using structured cognitive–psychomotor training can serve as a scalable model for strengthening primary-level diabetes complication prevention
EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH VIDEO EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOR REGARDING POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS AT SMAN GLENMORE
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among adolescent girls, yet awareness and preventive attitudes remain low. Limited knowledge during adolescence may lead to delayed recognition and inadequate prevention. Object This study aimed to determine changes in knowledge and preventive attitudes before and after receiving video-based health education about PCOS. Method: This pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest study was conducted at SMAN Glenmore with 130 female students who met predefined inclusion criteria and were selected through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of a structured educational video on PCOS shown to respondents, followed by pre- and post-assessment using validated and reliable questionnaires measuring knowledge and preventive attitudes. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The analysis results before the education showed that students had sufficient knowledge (59.2%), while after the education, this increased to good knowledge (93.61%). The analysis of preventive attitude showed that most students had an already positive attitude before the intervention (95.2%), and after the education, this showed a positive attitude in all students (100%). Statistically, there was a significant effect of health education on the level of knowledge (p = 0.000) and preventive attitude (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Health video education proved to be effective in relation to the level of knowledge and preventive attitude regarding PCOS. This demonstrates the importance of health education for adolescent girls to enhance their knowledge in preventing the occurrence of PCOS
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SLEF-CARE ENHACEMENT BASED INTERVENTION AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Background: The failure of glycemic control and a high incidence of complications among type 2 diabetes were closely related to poor self-care behavior. Needed an effective intervention to maintain glycemic control through enhancing self-care behavior among type 2 diabetes patients. Object: This study aims to conduct a systematic review of applying the interventions based on self-care enhancement among type 2 diabetes patients. Methode: The study design used a systematic review through searching credible journal databases using related keywords. The process of identifying articles using the PRISMA systematic review and synthesis of articles using the BJI assessment. Results: The results show differences in findings related to the effectiveness of interventions on HbA1c values and self-care activity. The majority of studies (n=5) show that interventions were effective in both reducing HbA1c values and increasing self-care activity. Whereas, one study show that the intervention was only effective in reducing HbA1c values, and other studies (n=2) also showed that interventions was only effective in increasing self-care activity. Conclusion: The effectiveness of these interventions is supported by a structured personal approach through using a combination of effective educational methods, and also the availability of social support (including family and community).
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING SEL-EFFICACY AND PARENTAL ACCEPTANCE AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDERN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Background: Parenting self-efficacy (PSE) is an important factor influencing parental acceptance of children with special needs (CWSN). Parents’ confidence in their ability to raise their children contributes to forming positive attitudes toward their child’s condition. Object: This study aimed to explore the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and parental acceptance among parents of children with special needs attending special schools (SLB) in Cluring District, Banyuwangi Indonesia. Method: This quantitative cross-sectional study examined the relationship between parenting self-efficacy (independent variable) and parental acceptance (dependent variable) among parents of children with special needs attending special schools (SLB) in Cluring District. From a population of 200 parents, 188 were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) and the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results: The results of the Spearman rank correlation test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.191 with a significance value of 0.009 (p < 0.05), indicating a positive and significant relationship between parenting self-efficacy and parental acceptance. These findings suggest that parents with higher levels of parenting self-efficacy tend to show greater acceptance of their children’s conditions. Conclusion: It is recommended that parents of children with special needs enhance their parenting self-efficacy through participation in training programs, community support, and professional consultations to strengthen parental acceptance and promote positive parenting behaviours.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SELF-CARE AND NEED FOR HELP BASED ASSESSMENT FOR EARLY PREVENTION OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA EMERGENCIES
Background: The rising prevalence of maternal mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) emphasizes the need for digital symptom-monitoring tools to reduce mortality risks. Object: This study assessed pregnant women’s perceptions of digital NCD symptom monitoring and its impact on lowering maternal maternity. Method: An associative cross-sectional study was conducted among 117 purposively selected pregnant women. The independent variable was digital NCD symptom monitoring, and the dependent variable was maternal mortality risk, represented by pregnancy complications and emergency admissions. Data were collected using a validated 5-point Likert questionnaire measuring usage frequency and perceived effectiveness. All indicators were valid (r > 0.361) and reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.923 for NCD perception; 0.975 for digital application). Inclusion criteria included NCD risk factors, gestational age 4–36 weeks, and smartphone literacy; exclusion was severe comorbidities. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and simple linear regression tests. Results: Strong NCD risk perception significantly correlated with app usage (β = 0.863, p < 0.001). Despite 18% reporting technical challenges, 93.2% adopted digital tools. The Adjusted R² = 0.742 indicated that NCD perception explained 74.2% of app usage variance. Regression analysis (B = 0.889, β = 0.863, p < 0.001, t = 18.303) showed that each 1-unit increase in NCD perception raised app usage perception by 0.889 units. Conclusion: Pregnant women with higher NCD risk perceptions were significantly more likely to use digital health applications. Despite minor technical barriers, high adoption rates underscore the potential of digital monitoring to improve NCD management and reduce pregnancy complications.
EFFECTIVENESS OF WEBSITE BARCODE-BASED NON-PHARMALOGICAL PAIN MANAGEMENT (PAINCODE) ON PAIN REDUCTION IN POST-APPENDECTOMY PATIENTS AT CILEGON CITY HOSPITAL
Background Appendectomy is an invasive procedure that involves making an incision in the abdomen, which causes pain. Pain is a common problem experienced by patients after appendectomy. One nursing intervention to reduce pain is non-pharmacological pain management. In the digital era, information can be accessed easily through smartphones, including website barcodes. Website barcode-based technology can help manage pain while maintaining the benefits of non-pharmacological techniques. Object: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of website barcode-based non-pharmacological pain management (PAINCODE) on reducing pain levels in post-appendectomy patients at Cilegon City Hospital. Methode: This quantitative study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 28 respondents divided into an intervention group (14) and a control group (14). Pain was measured using observation sheets and PAINCODE. Results: Paired t-test showed differences in mean pain scores before and after the intervention in both groups (p < 0.05). Independent t-test showed no significant difference between both groups (p = 0.279). Conclusion: The intervention showed no significant effect.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILE APP-BASED INTERVENTION FOR REDUCING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMPS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Background: Depression is still one of the mental health disorders with the highest prevalence in the world. Depression is the 4th highest disease in the world according to WHO. Less than 25% of people with depression receive further treatment, the majority of whom do not go to health care for fear of being stigmatized by others. This problem can be overcome by using technology as an intervention to reduce depressive symptoms. Object: This systematic review aims to describe the effectiveness of mobile App-based interventions in reducing depressive symptoms. Method: Searching articles used Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) with keywords of m-health OR mobile health OR mobile app health AND intervention OR program AND reduce OR reduction AND depression OR depressive symptoms. This research used academic databases including: Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect and Pubmed with inclusion criteria include: articles published in 2018-2023 using RCT who testing the effectiveness of Mobile App-based intervention for reducing depressive symptoms and in English and using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal method. A total of 802 articles are found and 10 articles were reviewed in this research. Participants in this study were adults. Results: All research related to various types of Mobile App-based interventions to reduce depressive symptoms such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Behavioural activation dan Psychotherapy. Conclusion: This research shows that some interventions or programs that have been analyzed effectively can reduce depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to conduct more clinical trials to determine which applications have greater influence and improvement
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PREVENTION BEHAVIOR IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE CLIENTS
Background: Cardiovascular disease is a condition characterized by abnormalities in the heart and blood vessels. One type of cardiovascular disease is coronary heart disease. Acute coronary syndrome is an advanced condition of coronary heart disease. Object: The purpose aims to determine the prevention behavior of acute coronary syndrome at the South Krembangan Health Center. Method: Structured surveys and interviews were conducted from February to April 2025. In this study, a descriptive research design was used. The study population consisted of 25 clients, and the sample comprised 25 clients, using a total sampling technique. The variables used are divided into three sub-variables, namely knowledge, attitudes, and actions. Data collection using questionnaires. Data processing techniques use frequency distribution techniques. Results: Based on the study's results, it was found that 18 (72%) clients exhibited good behavior, 6(24%) clients showed sufficient behavior, and 1(4%) client displayed poor behavior. Conclusion: This study concluded that most clients exhibited good behavior in preventing acute coronary syndrome. However, further efforts are being made to avoid acute coronary syndrome. It is recommended that clients take a more active role in understanding their diseases, while related parties can be utilized to develop health programs. For future researchers, these parties can also serve as data sources and research inputs.
FACTORS CONTROLLING ANXIETY IN PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS WORKING IN PERAK TIMUR SURABAYA
Background: The first pregnancy (primigravida) is a phase full of psychological challenges, especially for working mothers. Anxiety that is not managed correctly can have an impact on the condition of the mother and fetus. An appropriate anxiety control strategy is needed, both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Object: This study aims to find out the factors that affect anxiety control in primigravida mothers who work in the East Perak Health Center area of Surabaya. Method: This study uses a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study consisted of all working primigravida mothers, with a total sample size of 28 individuals. Using the variables of anxiety control factors of primigravida mothers. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires distributed to primigravida mothers working in the East Perak Health Center area in Surabaya. Results: The results showed that the anxiety control factor with pharmacological methods was 1 (3.57%). Anxiety control used nonpharmacological methods as many as 27 (96.43%), with reasonable control as many as 15 (50.00%), and poor control as many as 13 (46.43%). Anxiety management strategies are more focused on nonpharmacological approaches. Social support from family and work environments has been shown to make a significant contribution to lowering anxiety levels. Conclusion: Continuous education and health promotion are needed regarding anxiety control techniques that are easy to apply in the work and home environment, so that pregnant women can be more aware of the importance of mental health during pregnancy.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PATUH EDUCATIONAL MODUL ON MOTIVATION, ATTITUDE, AND BEHAVIOR AMONG HYPERSENSITIVE PATIENTS: A- QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Background: Hypertension remains a leading global health concern, often resulting in hypertensive crises when preventive self-care behaviors are inadequate. Patient motivation and adherence to prevention programs play crucial roles in mitigating these risks. The PATUH program, a culturally tailored educational intervention, aims to enhance motivation, attitude, and behavior among hypertensive patients. Object: This study aimed to examine the effect of the PATUH educational module on improving motivation, attitude, and self-care behavior, among patients with hypertension in preventing hypertensive crises. Method: A quasi-experimental design with a control group at Pucang Sewu and Tambak Rejo Primary Health Centers, Surabaya, Indonesia. Sixty hypertensive patients were selected using purposive sampling, divided into an intervention group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The intervention group received the PATUH educational module, while the control group received standard health education. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests; non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney) were used when data were not normally distributed. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in motivation, attitude, and self-care behavior scores compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The findings indicate that the PATUH module effectively enhances patient engagement and preventive actions toward hypertensive crisis prevention. Conclusion: The PATUH educational module effectively increases motivation, attitude, and preventive behavior among hypertensive patients. Integrating this intervention into primary health care settings can strengthen hypertension management and reduce the risk of hypertensive crises. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to assess the module’s long-term impact.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE OF ALLERGY TRIGGERS AND ATTITUDES IN HANDLING ASTHMA IN MOTHERS OF TODDLERS IN KEMAYORAN DISTRICT, SURABAYA
Background: Lack of knowledge about allergens in toddlers results in inappropriate asthma management. Inappropriate asthma management in toddlers results in the emergence of symptoms of chronic cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness, which can cause disruption to physical activity, lifestyle, and even death in toddlers. Object: Lack of knowledge about allergens in toddlers results in inappropriate asthma management. Inappropriate asthma management in toddlers results in the emergence of symptoms of chronic cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness, which can cause disruption to physical activity, lifestyle, and even death in toddlers. Method: Correlational research . The total number of mothers with toddlers in Kemayoran Village was 50 parents. The sample in this study was a portion of mothers with toddlers calculated using the Slovin formula, with a sample size of 45 parents. Sampling used simple random sampling. The measuring instrument used a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman's rho statistical test with p < α = 0.05. Results: The majority of mothers of toddlers (66.7%) had sufficient knowledge and positive attitudes towards handling the child, while a small proportion (13.3%) had insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes towards handling the child. The results of the Spearman's rho correlation test showed a p value of 0.014 < α = 0.05.
KNOWLEDGE OF VIA METHOD CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG WRA IN SEDATI PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER
Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death among women after breast cancer, with its high mortality rate primarily due to low awareness and inadequate early detection. Most patients seek medical care at advanced stages of the disease. Object This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening using the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) method among women of reproductive age in Sedati Gede Village, working area of the Sedati Public Health Center, Sidoarjo Regency. Method: This research utilized a quantitative descriptive design with a population of 151 women of reproductive age (WRA) living in Neighborhood Association (NA) 08. A total of 100 WRA were selected through proportional cluster sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire with the variables of age, education, occupation, and sources of information obtained by WRA and analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution. Results: Knowledge levels were generally good across all demographic groups. Based on age, all categories demonstrated had good, particularly those aged 20–40 years. In terms of education, most WRA with elementary school education had good, though a few had poor, while all with diploma or bachelor’s degrees demonstrated good. Based on occupation, government employees, private employees, and entrepreneurs all of them had good knowledge. While unemployed, students most of them had good knowledge. In terms of information sources, all information from print media had good, and almost all who received information from health workers and electronic media also had good.
INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MIND MAPPING VIDEO AS A HEALTH EDUCATION MEDIUM TO IMPROVE SELF-MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR IN HYPERTENSION
Background: Health education plays an important role in helping individuals overcome health problems, particularly in managing chronic diseases such as hypertension. Object: This study aims to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a Mind Mapping Video as an innovative health education medium to improve Hypertension Self-Management Behaviors (HSMB) among individuals with hypertension. Methode: This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Validation was conducted by media and material experts, followed by a trial involving 10 respondents and field implementation with 30 hypertension patients at the Martapura Timur Community Health Center. Results: Expert validation results indicated that the media was feasible for use (85%), while the user trial yielded an average score of 32.20 (categorized as highly feasible). Conclusion: The Mind Mapping Video is considered effective as an engaging and easily understandable health education medium that enhances comprehension and motivation in hypertension self-management behaviors.
THE IMPACT OF FATHERLESS ON DEPRESSION LEVELS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS: AN ANALYSIS USING THE PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE-9 (PHQ-9)
Background: Depression is a common mental disorder among adolescent girls, particularly in situations involving fatherlessness. The absence of a father’s role—whether physical, emotional, or psychological—can trigger various psychological problems, including depression. Object: This study aimed to examine the influence of fatherlessness on the risk of depression among adolescent girls using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at a senior high school in Glenmore District. Method: Two main variables were observed in this study: (1) fatherlessness, measured through the Fatherless Questionnaire covering physical, emotional, and social dimensions (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.910), and (2) depression risk, measured using the PHQ-9, which has previously demonstrated strong reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.936). A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, involving 73 purposively selected female students who met the inclusion criteria.. Results: The findings indicated that the majority of respondents experienced low levels of fatherlessness (45%) and moderate levels of depression risk (42%). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between fatherlessness and depression risk (p = 0.000), with a correlation coefficient of 0.404, indicating a moderate association. Conclusion: These results highlight the need for preventive measures in schools, including early screening, psychosocial support, and structured group therapy or support groups facilitated by school counselors and mental health professionals, to strengthen coping skills among adolescents experiencing fatherlessness.
THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL PARENTING, EATING, AND, SLEEP PATTERNS ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN TODDLER
Background: The nutritional status of children aged 1–5 years is an important indicator in determining the quality of their physical growth and cognitive development. Nutritional problems such as wasting, underweight, overweight, and stunting are still prevalent in Indonesia, including in the Sepanjang Community Health Center area. Object: This study aims to identify the influence of Digital Parenting, Dietary Patterns, and Sleep Patterns on the Nutritional Status of Children Aged 1–5 Years in the Sepanjang Community Health Center area. Method: The research method used was a quantitative, analytic correlation study. The study design was cross-sectional. A sample of 90 participants was selected using consecutive sampling. The Chi-Square statistical test was used to assess the data for bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis used ordinal logistic regression. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that the most common nutritional status was underweight (20 respondents (22.7%)) and overweight (25 respondents (27.8%). Statistically, there was a significant influence between Digital Parenting (P=0.004), Dietary Patterns (P=0.000), and Sleep Patterns (P=0.000) on Nutritional Status. Multivariate analysis showed that sleep patterns had a significant adverse effect on the log-odds of nutritional status, with a significance value of 0.000 and a Wald test result of 22.343. Children with inferior sleep patterns had a 22-fold greater risk of malnutrition than those with adequate sleep. Conclusion: Digital parenting, diet, and sleep patterns have been shown to influence children's nutritional status. These findings emphasize the importance of educating parents about screen time management, providing nutritious food, and adequate sleep to prevent nutritional problems in toddlers.
EVALUATION OF LEACHATE DISCHARGE ON POND WATER QUALITY AROUND THE BENOWO SURABAYA FINAL PROCESSING SITE IN 2025
Background: The Benowo landfill had the potential to contaminate the environment through leachate discharges containing organic and inorganic compounds. This contamination could affect the water quality of ponds located around the landfill and utilized by the community. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of leachate discharge on pond water quality around the Benowo landfill in Surabaya. Method: This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and a cross-sectional design. The research object consisted of active ponds owned by residents located at a distance of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 meters from the landfill. Sampling occurred using a composite sampling technique and the samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, BOD, COD, and Fe parameters. Data was obtained from field observations and measurements, then presented in the form of tables and graphs. Results: The results showed that the water quality of ponds around Benowo landfill had decreased, on the parameters of BOD, COD, and Fe which exceeded the threshold of Class III quality standards according to PP No. 22 of 2021. The highest concentration was found at a distance of 500 meters from the landfill with BOD levels reaching 145 mg/L, COD 1042 mg/L, and Fe at 0.83 mg/L. The pH value ranged from 7.5-8.0 and TDS was still within the quality standard limit, which was <1,000 mg/L. These results indicated the potential for leachate contamination of active ponds used by the community for fish farming. Conclusion: The highest TDS and BOD values were found at 500 m, while COD and Fe fluctuated with a tendency to remain high up to 1500 m, influenced by water flow and surface runoff. The distribution of contaminants did not always decrease with distance, suggesting that leachate contamination is widespread and dynamic.
WELL WATER QUALITY ASSESSED BASED ON WELL PHYSICAL CONDITION, DISTANCE, AND SEPTIC TANK CONSTRUCTION IN RANDUAGUNG VILLAGE, GRESIK
Background Well water remains the primary source of clean water for communities, but it is vulnerable to contamination due to human activities and inadequate sanitation conditions. Object: This study aims to assess the physical quality of well water by examining the construction conditions of the wells and the distance between the wells and septic tank structures in Randuagung Village, Gresik District. Methods: The study employs a qualitative method, an observational approach with a cross-sectional design. Results: The physical parameters analyzed include temperature, odor, and total dissolved solids (TDS) levels. Of the 11 samples tested, all failed to meet the physical quality standards for clean water as per Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. All samples showed TDS levels above 300 mg/L, and two samples were detected to have an abnormal odor. Although some wells met the standards for well physical conditions, septic tank construction, and safe distance from the septic tank, water quality remained poor. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the decline in well water physical quality is not caused by a single factor but is the result of a combination of well physical conditions, distance from pollution sources, and surrounding environmental factors.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY AT FITNESS CENTERS IN SURABAYA
Background: Indoor air quality reflects the condition of air parameters within enclosed spaces and can be defined as the state of air that influences the comfort and health of its occupants. Globally, poor indoor air quality has been associated with 3.8 million deaths, with Southeast Asia accounting for 1.5 million cases. In Indonesia, as one of the countries in this region, 36.5% of deaths have been linked to inadequate indoor air quality. Fitness centres represent a type of enclosed environment that may pose health risks to users if pollution sources are not properly managed. Object: This study aimed to describe the indoor air quality of a fitness centre in Surabaya. The research was conducted in a closed-design fitness centre, where physical parameters (temperature, illumination, humidity, ventilation rate, noise, PM10, and PM2.5), chemical parameters (SO2, NO2, and O3 gases), and biological parameters (airborne bacterial count) were measured. Methods: The results were compared with the Environmental Health Quality Standards based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 2 of 2023. Results: The findings indicated that illumination (53 lux), PM2.5 (30 μg/m3 ), and airborne bacterial count (786.5 CFU/m3 ), exceeded the permissible limits, whereas temperature (18.75oC), humidity (54% RH), ventilation rate (0.22 m/s), PM10 (40 μg/m3 ), noise (54 dBA), sulfur dioxide (7.42 μg/m3 ), nitrogen dioxide (7.345 μg/m3 ), and ozone (3.105 μg/m3 ) met the required standards. Conclusion: It is recommended that the management improve lighting through additional or replacement lamps, restrict outdoor air inflow at the entrance on the first floor, and employ mechanical ventilation to control airborne bacterial levels.
MICROPLASTIC CONTENT IN TILAPIA (Oreochromis mossambicus) MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) AT BENOWO MARKET, BENOWO VILLAGE, PAKAL SUB-DISTRICT, SURABAYA IN 2025
Background: Microplastics posed significant threats to both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) were among the commonly consumed fish species that were cultivated in fishponds around the Benowo area. The proximity of these ponds to the Benowo Final Waste Disposal Site raised concerns regarding potential microplastic contamination due to environmental pollution. Object: This study aimed to identify the presence and characteristics of microplastic particles in the bodies of tilapia and milkfish sold at Benowo Market, Surabaya. The results were intended to provide early insight into food safety risks associated with fish consumption in areas near unmanaged waste disposal. Methods: This research was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The objects of the research were tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) sold at Benowo Market. The research variable focused on the presence of microplastics. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and laboratory testing using a stereo microscope. The results were analyzed descriptively. Results: The results showed that most of the tilapia and milkfish samples examined contained microplastics. Microplastics were identified mainly in the digestive organs and, to a lesser extent, in the flesh. Fiber-shaped microplastics were more dominant than fragments. After the frying process, microplastics were still detected in the flesh of both fish species. Conclusion: This indicated that microplastic particles remained intact even after being exposed to high temperatures during cooking, and thus posed a potential risk of entering the human food chain. Further research was recommended to identify the polymer types of the detected microplastics using FTIR or GC-MS methods in order to assess their possible impacts on human health more comprehensively.
ENHANCING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LITERACY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN THROUGH GAMIFIED DIGITAL LEARNING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Background: Maternal child health is an underlying public health concern in low- income countries, where environmental hazards such as poor sanitation, ill-waste management, and limited access to clean water are threats to the health of mothers. Despite advancements in digitalization in healthcare, the application of environmental health literacy (EHL) in digital maternal education remains minimal. Object: : The research aimed to identify, review, and synthesize evidence about digital health literacy interventions in pregnant women— specifically, mobile and game-based applications—that promote learning environmental health as well as changing behavior. Methods: Systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Fourteen empirical studies from 2019 to 2024 were obtained from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Narrative synthesis was used to synthesize the studies and compare them descriptively to identify effective design features and outcomes. Results: Findings from the research point out that gamified mobile health interventions significantly encourage knowledge, motivation, and behavior adoption regarding hygiene, sanitation, and environmental management. Interventions coupled with gamification and community empowerment factors such as conversation between peers and feedback by midwives showed higher involvement and sustained behavior change. Incorporation of EHL content into digital resources extended the users' understanding from personal hygiene to environmental stewardship, incorporating collective health awareness. Conclusion: Community-based and gamified digital health literacy programs have strong potential to improve environmental health literacy and maternal hygiene practices significantly. The findings support the potential of gamified, culturally relevant mobile applications to help Indonesia's digital transformation agenda, community empowerment, and environmental sustainability in maternal health education.
ANALYSIS OF NOIS INTENSITY WITH COMMUNICATION DISORDERS AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT OT STUDENTS OF SDN 1 SIWALANKERTO SURABAYA IN 2025
Background: Noise is a form of physical environmental pollution that can interfere with students' health and learning processes. SDN 1 Siwalankerto Surabaya is located near a highway and railroad tracks, which poses a risk of communication and hearing impairments. Methods: This study employed quantitative research with an analytical design. A crosssectional approach was used, involving 5th and 6th grade students selected through purposive sampling. Noise levels were measured using a Sound Level Meter (SLM), communication disorders were assessed using a questionnaire, and hearing examinations were conducted with an audiometer. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 5% significance level. Results: The average noise level in Grade 5 reached 80.7 dB, while in Grade 6 it was 77.25 dB, both exceeding the quality standard set by Permenkes RI No. 2 of 2023. A total of 46.1% of students experienced communication disorders (p = 0.042). Meanwhile, 30.5% of students had moderate to severe hearing loss (p = 0.003 in the right ear; p = 0.016 in the left ear). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between noise and both communication and hearing disorders. It is necessary to reduce noise levels in schools by planting natural vegetation and installing soundproofing materials.
NITRATE (NO3) CONCENTRATION IN WELL WATER AROUND PLANTATIONS IN PALEMBANG CITY
Background: Dug well water is one of the main water sources for communities around plantations. Plantation and agricultural activities that use inorganic fertilizers have the potential to increase the levels of nitrate (NO₃) in well water. Nitrate is a chemical compound that may cause cancer. Object: The purpose of this study was to analyze the nitrate concentration in dug wells and the risk of contamination of dug wells due to agricultural activities using fertilizers and pesticides. Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted from March to May 2025. The number of parameters examined was the nitrate concentration of 15 dug wells using a grab sampling technique; data on the risk of dug well contamination were collected through observation using a checklist. Furthermore, interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Nitrate concentration examinations were carried out in an environmental laboratory using spectrophotometry, while data were analyzed univariately. Results: The results showed that the types of fertilizers widely used were urea, NPK, TSP, and manure, and to eradicate pests using insecticides. The results of the examination indicated that nitrate concentrations in well water ranged from 0.306 mg/L to 13,590 mg/L, with 53.3% of wells having a low risk of contamination and 46.7% having a moderate risk. Conclusion: The most common type of fertilizer used was chemical (inorganic), while nitrate levels in dug wells were found to be below environmental quality standards, with a low to moderate risk of contamination.
THE POTENTIAL USE OF BASIL SEEDS AS A BIOCOAGULANT IN REDUCING WATER TURBIDITY
Background: The excessive use of chemical coagulants such as alum can cause health problems including tissue damage, detoxification issues, kidney excretion problems, and nervous system disorders. Research has shown that the consumption of alum at a dose of 800 mg/kg body weight per day can cause cell degeneration in Wistar rats. Methods: The research method used is an experiment with a pre-post test control group design. The subject studied was basil seeds used as a bio-coagulant in pond water at Poltekkes Surabaya. The dose variations used in this study were 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 1.5 ml, and 2 ml. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to examine differences in water turbidity levels. Results. Based on the results, the use of basil seed bio-coagulant increased turbidity values with an average of 14.52 NTU for the control, 23.35 NTU for the 0.5 ml dose, 27.95 NTU for the 1 ml dose, 31.6 NTU for the 1.5 ml dose, and 29.4 NTU for the 2 ml dose. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it is known that no confidence was gained in the use of basil seeds as a bio-coagulant to reduce turbidity.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE EXPOSURE RESEARCH USING VOSVIEWER
Background: Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is one of the most critical air pollutants, contributing to both environmental degradation and human health risks. In recent years, research on nitrogen dioxide and its environmental impacts has grown significantly, reflecting global concern over pollution control and sustainable energy development. Object: his study aims to examine the trends, patterns, and thematic evolution of international research on nitrogen dioxide through bibliometric analysis, identifying key topics, publication dynamics, and emerging research directions. Methods: A bibliometric approach was employed using data retrieved from the Scopus databases, covering the years 2010–2025. The analysis included document types, subject areas, and keyword co-occurrence mapping generated with VOSviewer software to visualize relationships, trends, and research intensity across thematic cluster. Results: A total of 434 publications were identified, showing a significant upward trend from 2010 to 2025, peaking in 2017 with 34 publications (7.83%). Most were research articles (372), followed by conference papers (27) and review articles (26). The leading subject areas were Environmental Science (211 publications) and Chemistry (122). Keyword analysis revealed 15 thematic clusters, demonstrating strong relationships among nitrate, nitrite, and nitrogen dioxide, with emerging themes such as nitrate reduction and electrocatalysis in recent years. Conclusion: Research on nitrogen dioxide has transitioned from conventional environmental and chemical studies toward innovative topics in electrocatalytic processes and sustainable energy.
MICROPLASTIC ANALYSIS IN HUMAN FECES: A CASE STUDY IN PALEMBANG CITY, INDONESIA
Background: Microplastic pollution has become an increasingly serious environmental and public health concern. Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, can enter the human body through contaminated food, drinking water, and air. Fecal analysis serves as a direct indicator of human exposure to microplastics. Object: This study aimed to analyze the presence and abundance of microplastics in human feces among residents of Palembang City, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive laboratory study was conducted using fecal samples collected from 30 purposively selected respondents based on their daily consumption patterns and sources of drinking water. Microplastics were separated using a density separation method and identified through stereomicroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results. The results showed that microplastics were detected in all fecal samples, with concentrations ranging from 13 to 35 particles per gram and an average of 23 particles per gram. The dominant polymer types identified were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Microplastic exposure was associated with dietary and environmental factors, particularly among individuals who consumed fish and used refill or river water. Conclusion: Conclusion, residents of Palembang City are significantly exposed to microplastics through daily consumption and environmental contact, indicating the need for further research and preventive efforts in urban food and water safety management.
PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP) TO TREAT PHOSPHATE (PO4) OF PT PETROKIMIA IN GRESIK CITY 2025
Background: Wastewater management in the fertilizer industry, particularly at PT Petrokimia Gresik, poses considerable challenges due to the presence of complex chemical pollutants. By 2024, secondary data shows a sharp increase in the concentration of phosphate (PO₄) pollutants by 147.7%. These figures raise concerns about the effectiveness of the existing Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) system. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Wastewater Treatment Plant at PT Petrokimia Gresik in 2025, specifically focusing on phosphate (PO₄) removal efficiency across different treatment units. Methods: This study used a quantitative research approach using observation, documentation, and grab sampling techniques in accordance with SNI 8990:2021. The analysis focused on the main water quality parameter, PO₄ from the PT Petrokimia Gresik WWTP. Data were evaluated based on removal efficiency, residence time, and potential reuse of wastewater. Results: The findings showed that the phosphate removal efficiency was low, indicating inefficiency in the treatment process. Although the residence time remains within acceptable limits, it has not led to a significant reduction in pollutant levels. Conclusion: The current WWTP system has not been effective in meeting quality standards, especially regarding PO₄. Comprehensive reutilization of effluent is ongoing, but improvements in design and treatment technology are needed to enhance performance.
PHYSICAL CONDITION OF HOME SANITATION IN PLUMONARY TB PATIENTS IN THE MULYOREJO COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER WORK AREA, SURABAYA CITY IN 2025
Background In the past three years, the number of pulmonary TB cases at Mulyorejo Public Health Center in Surabaya City had increased. The physical condition of the houses was as follows: lighting was less than 60 lux, temperature exceeded 30ºC, humidity was above 60% Rh, and ventilation was less than 10% of the floor area. Object: This study aimed to determine the physical sanitation conditions of houses of pulmonary TB patients in the working area of Mulyorejo Health Center, Surabaya City, in 2025. Methods: This study used an observational descriptive method with a case study approach. Results: The field findings revealed that the physical sanitation conditions of the houses of pulmonary TB patients in the Mulyorejo Health Center area were mostly categorized as poor (96.4%). The majority of the houses did not meet the required standards in several aspects: inadequate ventilation area (75%), insufficient ligh ting (78.5%), high temperature (64.2%), excessive humidity (53.5%), and overcrowding (57.1%). Conclusion: Most of the physical sanitation conditions in the houses of pulmonary TB patients in the Mulyorejo Health Center area did not meet the standards. It was recommended that residents develop the habit of opening ventilation or windows every morning. Households with high occupancy density were advised to rearrange sleeping spaces, and TB patients were encouraged to maintain distance from other family members.
PREDICTION OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (DHF) CASE DISTRIBUTION USING LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY (LTSM) IN SURABAYA CITY
Background: The incidence of dengue fever in Indonesia in 2023 reached 41.4 per 100,000 population, which is classified as high according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health (with a target IR < 10/100,000 population). Surabaya City is one of the areas with a significant increase in DHF cases, and has the highest population density in East Java. Object: This study aims to produce a predictive model that can identify trends in dengue incidence using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) method in Surabaya City. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a retrospective approach using secondary data from 2020 to 2024. The variables analysed included rainfall, humidity, temperature, larva-free rate, and the number of dengue cases. Results: The results of the analysis showed a significant relationship between rainfall (r = -0.195; p = 0.033), temperature (r = 0.276; p = 0.002), and ABJ (r = -0.590; p = 0.000) with the incidence of DHF. Humidity showed no significant association (r = 0.012; p = 0.894). Conclusion: It is recommended that strengthening the 3M Plus programme and integrating an LSTM-based early warning system are carried out as preventive measures in public health strategies.
IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R (REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE) IN HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KREMBANGAN UTARA URBAN VILLAGE PABEAN CANTIKAN SUBDISTRICT SURABAYA CITY IN 2025
Background: Given that Krembangan Utara is a highly populated area—16,744 people spread within 0.68 km²—reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) waste management is essential. Waste can be reduced and some of it can be used by putting the 3Rs into practice. Object: Analyzing the 3Rs' application to home trash management in Krembangan Utara Urban Village, Pabean Cantian District, Surabaya City, in 2025 is the goal of this study Methods: A sample of 51 homes was chosen at random from 2,606 homes as part of the cross-sectional study design. Measurement, interviews, and observation were used to gather data, which were then subjected to descriptive analysis. Results. The results showed that the average waste generation reached 0.61 kg/person/day, with a composition of 32% organic and 68% inorganic waste. The implementation of reduce reached 71% good and 29% sufficient; reuse 45% good, 43% sufficient, and 12% less; and recycle 2% good, 16% sufficient, and 82% less. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it is known that no confidence was gained in the use of basil seeds as a bio-coagulant to reduce turbidity. It is concluded that the average waste generation per person in Krembangan Utara Village has exceeded the SNI 19-3983-1995 standard (0.350-0.400 kg/person/day). The waste composition is mostly inorganic (68%), and the implementation of the 3Rs is mostly in the moderate category (82%). Socialization programs are needed, such as counseling and workshops on recycling, sorting of waste types from the source, and the establishment of waste banks in each RW.
ANALYSIS OF COMUNITY BEHAVIORAL FACTORS REGARDING CLTS PILLAR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT
Background: Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is an approach that aims to change hygienic and sanitary behavior by empowering communities through triggering. The fourth pillar of CLTS is Household Waste Management, which is implemented through the 3R principles: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Simokerto Village has achieved 75% of its CLTS Fourth Pillar target. However, despite this achievement of 79.12%. Object: This research aims to analyze the behavioral factors of the community regarding the CLTS Fourth Pillar of household waste management, using Snehandu B. Karr's theory approach in Simokerto Village, within the working area of the Tambakrejo Community Health Center in Surabaya. Methods: Total of 92 respondents participated in this study, which employed a case-control approach with a 1:1 ratio: 46 respondents served as the case group, and 46 respondents as the control group. Data was collected using a simple random sampling technique from pre-existing tabular data (by name by address). Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The study's findings indicated a significant influence of Behavior Intention (P = 0.003), Social Support (P = 0.000), Accessibility of Information (P = 0.001), Personal Autonomy (P = 0.011), and Action Situation (P = 0.001) on community behavior regarding the CLTS Fourth Pillar of Household Waste Management. Conclusion: This research concluded that Snehandu B. Karr's study approach could have enabled better changes in public health behavior. Consequently, it could have altered community behavior regarding hygienic and sanitary practices related to household waste management, thereby ensuring a conducive public and environmental health.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEKS AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Background: Menstruation refers to the regular and cyclical bleeding originating from the uterus, usually accompanied by the shedding of the endometrial lining inside the womb. When an adolescent experiences an abnormal menstrual cycle (< 21 days), it can cause more frequent bleeding from the body. As a result, increased blood loss may trigger iron deficiency anemia. Object: To analyze whether there is a relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the menstrual cycle among adolescent girls. Method This study applied an observational analytic design using a correlational study method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 95 female students from the Midwifery Department of Health Polytechnic of Surabaya who met the predetermined criteria and were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Based on the chi-square statistical test, the obtained p-value was 0.000 with α = <0.05. This indicates that there is a significant relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the menstrual cycle among adolescent girls in the Midwifery Department of Health Polytechnic of Surabaya. Conclusion: This finding indicates that abnormalities in body mass index, either underweight or overweight, may affect the regularity of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, maintaining an ideal body mass index through a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle is important to support hormonal balance and normal menstrual function in adolescent females.
OPTIMIZING MENTORSHIP TO IMPROVE MIDWIFERY'S MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP ABILITIES
Background: The experience of mentorship plays a vital role in the development of midwifery students. The objective of midwifery education in Indonesia is to improve leadership and management skills to help students transition into registered midwives. Object: This research examined how mentorship experiences affected midwifery students’ readiness for leadership and management positions, as well as the challenges that hindered the effectiveness of mentorship in clinical environments. Method: This qualitative descriptive study included 20 final-year midwifery professional education students from the Health Polytechnic of Surabaya, who wrote essays reflecting on their preparedness for leadership, experiences in clinical learning, and their views on mentorship. The essays were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A majority of students felt inadequately prepared for leadership due to limited guidance and exposure to clinical environments. Mentorship experiences differed significantly, with some students benefiting from the process, while others faced difficulties adapting, pointing to differences in mentor enthusiasm, teaching skills, and leadership approaches. Conclusion: Gaining practical, hands-on experience is crucial for developing leadership and management competencies. Nonetheless, students encounter challenges in balancing their academic responsibilities with clinical practice, which restricts their chances to refine their skills. Implications for practice Implementing a standardized mentorship program and extending clinical placements would provide students with more time to adjust to healthcare settings, understand their roles, and enhance their educational experiences.
ADOLESCENT HEALTH CADRE BEHAVUIR REGARDING STUNTING PREVENTION BASED ON THE HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL AND THEORY OF REASONED ACTION
Background: Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children due to chronic malnutrition, especially in the first thousand days of life. Object: The purpose of this study was to prove that the development of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) had an effect on the behavior of adolescent health cadres in preventing stunting. Method: Type of quasi-experimental design with a Non-Equivalent control group pre-test post-test designof TPB in improving the behavior of Posyandu cadres in stunting prevention. The study population consisted of 400 Posyandu Youth health cadres from Panekan sub-districts, Magetan Regency, Indonesia. A total of 200 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique and assigned to two groups: intervention (n = 100) and control (n = 100). Variables measured included perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, attitudes, intentions, subjective norms, and preventive behaviors. Data were collected using a validated and reliable Likert-scale questionnaire. Data analysis employed paired samples t-test for within-group comparisons and independent samples t-test for between-group comparisons at a 0.05 significance level. Results: Perceived benefit of action, Perceived barrier of action, Perceived self-efficacy, Activity related affect, Interpersonal influences, Situation influences, Immediates competing demands and preferences , Commitment to a plan of action, Health promoting behavior influence the behavior of adolescent health cadres in stunting preventing behavior. Conclusion: The development of the HPM, and TRA influence the behavior of adolescent health cadres in preventing stunting.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARITY AND ANXIETY LEVELS IN THIRD TRISMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN
Background: Anxiety is a state of feeling in which an individual feels weak and therefore is not brave or able to act and behave rationally as they should. Untreated anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period can pose significant risks to the unborn fetus and impair the mother's ability to properly care for her newborn child. Object: To determine the relationship between parity and anxiety levels in pregnant women in the third trimester at TPMB Affa Fahmi Surabaya. Method This research is a quantitative study using an analytical research method with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample size of 30 pregnant women. The sampling technique used pnon-probability sampling with the type of total sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire on anxiety employing the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS). The data analysis technique in this study was univariate and bivariate analysis using SPSS with the chi-square test. Results: Almost all (82.3%) third-trimester primigravida pregnant women experienced mild anxiety, and the majority (75%) of third-trimester multigravida pregnant women did not experience anxiety. The Chi-Square test result shows a P-value of 0.001, which is less than 0.005, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, indicating that there is a relationship between parity and the level of anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women at TPMB Affa Fahmi. Conclusion: There is a Relationship Between Parity and Anxiety Levels in Third Trimester Pregnant Women at TPMB Affa Fahmi Surabaya.
INTEGRATION OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL APPROACH AND DIGITAL LITERACY IN ENHANCING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS OF PROSPECTIVE BRIDES AND GROOMS
Background: Psychoeducational approaches have been proven effective in enhancing self-awareness, interpersonal communication, and commitment to relationships. The development of digital technology provides opportunities for integrating digital literacy into premarital education, making it more interactive and accessible. Object: This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of integrating a psychoeducational approach and digital literacy through the E-book For Your Bride in improving the psychological readiness of prospective brides and grooms. Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a control group. The sample consisted of 40 engaged individuals from the Putat Jaya Community Health Centre, Surabaya, divided into two groups: 20 participants used the FYB E-book and 20 participants used a leaflet. The research instrument was a psychological readiness questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant results (p = 0.001; p < 0.05), indicating that educational video–based early mobilization effectively accelerated postpartum recovery, while the FYB E-book was more effective than leaflets in improving psychological readiness. Conclusion: The integration of psychoeducation and digital literacy was more effective than conventional media in improving the psychological readiness of prospective brides and grooms and can serve as a modern approach to premarital education for healthy family development.
DETERMINANTS OF LOW POSTPARTUM FAMILY PLANNING COVERAGE
Background: Indonesia is a country with the 4th highest population growth rate. The increasing number of population, one of the causes is because the use of postpartum family planning is still low so that many couples of childbearing age have children with less than ideal spacing. Object: Determine the determinants of low postpartum family planning coverage in the Sukosari Ponorogo Health Center. Method: This study is a quantitative study with a case control approach using secondary data from the KB and delivery register book in 2023. The independent variables are age, parity, education, occupation, and type of delivery while the dependent variable is the use of postpartum family planning. Sampling using systematic sampling and simple random sampling techniques with the Slovin formula, obtained a sample size of 60 case and control groups. Univariate data analysis with frequency distribution and bivariate using chi-square test with a level of significance (p = 0.05). Results: Sukosari Health Center in 2023 most did not use postpartum family planning. Mothers who use postpartum birth control are mostly low-risk age, multiparous parity, higher education, working mothers, and type of SC delivery while mothers who do not use postpartum birth control are mostly low-risk age, multiparous parity, secondary education, working mothers and type of vaginal delivery. From the chi-square analysis, it was found that age, education and type of labor had a relationship. Conclusion: Needs follow-up and innovation from health workers and cross-sectors to increase the use of postpartum family planning.
EFFORTS TO IMPROVE COVID-19 INFECTION PREVENTION BEHAVIOR BASED ON THE ADAPTATION FACTORS OF LAWRENCE GREEN’S THEORY AND THE HEALTH ACTION PROCESS APPROACH AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AT COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS IN SURABAYA CITY
Background: Among 147 pregnant women in Surabaya, 8% experienced severe symptoms and 1% were in critical condition. The initial symptoms observed in pregnant women infected with the coronavirus included fever (78%), cough (44%), muscle pain (33%), general fatigue (22%), shortness of breath (11%), and sore throat (22%). This health problem was analyzed using Lawrence Green’s theory and the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model. Object: This study aimed to analyze preventive behaviors against Covid-19 infection among pregnant women using the frameworks of Lawrence Green’s theory and HAPA. Method: This research employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved pregnant women aged 18–35 years. The sample size was calculated using the Cummings and Hulley formula, resulting in 200 respondents. Results: Regression analysis revealed a significant influence of knowledge on behavior (p = 0.001), while attitude (p = 0.185) and information sources (p = 0.235) had no significant effect. Social support significantly influenced behavior (p = 0.002). There was no influence of risk perception (p = 0.361) or outcome perception (p = 0.158) on behavioral intention. However, action self-efficacy significantly affected behavioral intention (p = 0.000), and behavioral intention influenced coping planning (p = 0.000). Maintenance self-efficacy had no effect on coping planning (p = 0.563), but recovery self-efficacy did (p = 0.004). Action planning significantly influenced behavior (p = 0.035), whereas coping planning did not (p = 0.409). Conclusion: Maintenance self-efficacy had a significant effect on preventive behavior (p = 0.003). The most dominant factor influencing preventive behavior was maintenance self-efficacy.