Proceeding International Conference on Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya
The Proceeding International Conference on Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya (ICoHPS) is an annual international conference organized by the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health in Surabaya. The conference covers various health disciplines, including Nursing, Midwifery, Environmental Health, Medical Laboratory Technology, Dental Health, and Nutrition. ICoHPS aims to allow presenters and participants to share knowledge and experiences in Health Science and Technology, increase public awareness about resilience in facing health problems, build networks, and create collaborations among researchers or scientists. Journal Title :Proceeding International Conference on Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya Initial : ICOHPS Frequency : 2 issues per year (March and September) e-ISSN : 3030-878X Editor-in-Chief : Dr. Triwiyanto (Scopus, Orcid, Publons, Researchgate) Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya Publisher Office : Jl. Pucang Jajar Tengah No. 56, Surabaya, Indonesia
Knowledge of Parents of Grade 4 Students and All Teachers about Caries at SDN Banyu 2 Urip Surabaya
Dental caries is a characteristic of dental tissue disease characterized by damage to the tooth surface that spreads towards the pulp. School children who have dental caries will experience decreased chewing ability and digestive disorders so that their growth is not optimal. This condition will certainly cause children to skip school more often and interfere with their ability to focus on learning. The problem in this study is the high prevalence of dental caries in grade 4 students of SDN Banyu Urip 2, Sawahan District, Surabaya City. So the purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge of parents of grade 4 students and all teachers about caries at SDN Banyu Urip 2 Surabaya. Descriptive research targeting parents of grade 4 students and all teachers of SDN Banyu Urip 2 Surabaya, the study was conducted from August 2023 to April 2024, the method of data collection by filling out a questionnaire using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire sheet. The data collection procedure was by visiting and asking permission from the principal of SDN Banyu Urip 2, giving questionnaires to parents and teachers, conveying the purpose of giving the questionnaires, providing instructions for filling in and accompanying the process of filling in the questionnaires, and respondents collecting the completed questionnaires. Data analysis using the average knowledge results presented in the form of percentages and tables. This study shows that the knowledge of parents of grade 4 students is in the sufficient category, while the knowledge of all teachers at SDN Banyu Urip 2 Surabaya is classified as good.
Copyright (c) 2024 Proceeding International Conference on Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surabaya
Coping Towards Family Behavior Behavior in Caring for Autistic Children at the Autistic Child Therapy Center in Surabaya
The presence of autistic children makes them feel stressed and ashamed of stigma from his social environment. This condition without social support make response And problem psychosocial become critical as well as maladaptive coping. Family maladaptive coping results in low caring behavior so that happen developmental failure of autistic children. Objective: to identify family coping models based on response psychosocial in behavior caring child autism. Design cross sectional research. The population and sample are parents. Autistic children age school in Center Therapy Autism Surabaya, a number of 108. Sampling; simple random. For coping strategies with questionnaires and caring behavior with questionnaires adapted from the Parenting Stress Index Short Form. Data are presented in the form of frequency distribution and cross tabulation. Analysis of variable relationships with the Chi-Square test. It was found that the opinion of families who lacked behavior in caring for autistic children was 79% and the opinion of very good families had very good behavior in caring for autistic children (67%). The results of the Chi Square analysis test obtained p = 0.019 < α = 0.05, meaning that there was a significant influence between family coping and the ability to care for autistic children. There is a significant influence of family coping on the abilities of autistic children. Increasing family coping with stressor management and positive community psychosocial responses with psychosocial acceptance and understanding through education will make the behavior of caring for autistic children and the abilities of autistic children optimal and become independent children.
Do Age and Gender Factors Influence the Form of Parental Social Support for the Dental Health of Children with Down Syndrome in Surabaya?
Down syndrome often results in cognitive and motor impairments, leading to poor oral hygiene and increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. Parental support, particularly in maintaining dental health, plays a crucial role in ensuring the well-being of children with Down syndrome. This study examines the influence of parental age and gender on the social support provided for dental care, highlighting the variations in involvement based on these factor. This study utilized an analytical cross-sectional design conducted in 14 special schools (SLB) in Surabaya. A total of 100 randomly sampled parents of children with Down syndrome participated by completing a questionnaire on parental social support for dental health. The data, including demographic information and five aspects of social support, were analyzed using a chi-square test to assess the relationship between parental age, gender, and social support. The results showed that parents aged 41-50 years provided moderate (47.1%) to high (66.7%) levels of social support for their children’s dental health. Parents aged 51-60 years mainly provided moderate support (28.6%), and a significant relationship was found between parental age and social support (p=0.037). Female parents were predominant in offering moderate (82.9%) to high support (85.7%), but gender did not significantly influence the level of social support (p=0.120). In conclusion, Parental age has a significant impact on the social support provided for the dental health of children with Down syndrome, while gender does not have a significant effect, though mothers tend to offer more moderate levels of support In Surabaya city.
Description of Rat and Flea Fauna as Vectors In The Pes Observation Area of Pasuruan District, East Java in The Year 2018-2022
Bubonic plague is an infectious disease that can be transmitted through rodents and vectors. The flea is the main vector of bubonic plague, Xenopsylla cheopis. Bubonic plague is a re-emerging disease, a disease that can reappear at any time. The bubonic plague control program is to carry out surveillance activities periodically both in the focus area and outside the focus. The purpose of this study was to describe the density of rat and flea fauna in the bubonic plague observation area of Pasuruan Regency. This data was obtained from surveillance activities conducted by BBTKLPP Surabaya in Pasuruan Regency. This type of research used descriptive research which could be seen from the time side of the data to be studied including retrospective cohort research methods. The variables of this study were rat density, flea density, trap success, general density index of flea, special index of flea. Data analysis used univariate analysis or descriptive analysis with data centering measures. The results showed that surveillance activities for five years from 2018 to 2022 conducted by BBTKLPP Surabaya in Pasuruan Regency were carried out in three locations, namely home, garden and forest areas. The most common rat caught was in the house area with the type of Rattus tanezumi. Meanwhile, the most flea found from the sweeping of rats were Xenopsylla cheopis. This condition could potentially lead to the transmission of bubonic plague and other diseases through rats and flea due to the presence of rats and flea in direct contact with humans. The density of rats and mice that are found in the home area or easily in direct contact with humans has the potential for transmission of bubonic plague and other diseases.
Important Factors Affecting Labor and Childbirth Readiness Among Primigravida Women in Jakarta, Indonesia
Maternal complications are the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, most of which are preventable. Birth planning is necessary to encourage the readiness to give birth. Particularly for primigravida, the moments of pregnancy, childbirth and even breastfeeding are first experiences for them, primigravida mothers need more attention. Aim: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the readiness of primigravida mothers in facing labor and childbirth. This research identifies knowledge as the most crucial factor in labor and childbirth readiness among primigravida mothers, highlighting its predominance over other variables such as age and education. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023. The research sample was primigravida pregnant women who were in the independent practices of midwives in DKI Jakarta Province. The sample size was 128 participants selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire: demographic data and childbirth readiness, then analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulation, and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Variables associated with labor and childbirth readiness are: age, level of education, knowledge, and exposure to information (p-value <0.05) which come up as the predictors to the readiness of the participants. Possessing knowledge about labor and childbirth preparation was the most dominant factor in predicting the mothers’ readiness (OR: 11.3). This study concludes that knowledge was the most important factor to influence mother readiness. Improving knowledge of pregnant women is the key to be more prepared in dealing with labor, childbirth, and beyond.
The Relationship Between Body Image and Self-Acceptance in Adolescents of X Grade at MA Negeri 1 Tuban
Adolescence represents a tumultuous time in searching for identity. This is due to various significant physical and psychological changes in adolescents. Physical changes are visible in adolescents, so adolescents are susceptible to trying to have a perfect appearance according to their criteria, supported by high curiosity. As a result, adolescents will quickly become obsessed with physical perfection, or what is called a negative body image, which has an impact on poor self-acceptance. This study aims to investigate the relationship between body image and self-acceptance among 10th-grade adolescents at MAN 1 Tuban. The research design applied a cross-sectional approach with a correlation method. The population of this study included all 10th-grade students at MAN 1 Tuban School Year 2023-2024. Respondents were determined through a sampling technique using simple random sampling, and a sample size of 186 students was obtained. The research instrument consisted of a body image questionnaire: the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS), and a self-acceptance questionnaire. The results were obtained using data analysis with the Spearman Rank Correlation test. The research findings indicated that the majority of students had a negative body image and poor self-acceptance. The Spearman Rank Correlation test results obtained a p-value of <0.001, which means that there was a relationship between body image and self-acceptance in 10th-grade adolescents at MAN 1 Tuban. This research can be a basis for developing programs that support social and emotional skills to help adolescents overcome body image problems and improve their achievement. Body image has a close relationship with self-acceptance. The more positive an adolescent's body image, the better their self-acceptance. This means that if adolescents can have a positive body image, they can accept themselves well, especially physically, which will impact a healthy psychological condition and allow them to carry out their developmental tasks well.
The Use of Smart Dental Box in Increasing Knowledge About Dental Caries
Background: Dental caries is defined as the destruction of the enamel layer of the tooth by the production of acid produced by the action of bacteria on sugar. It is widely acknowledged that dental caries can be prevented and most often causes chronic infections and is often experienced in childhood. Dental caries is a common disease and has a negative impact on children's quality of life. Problems: The high caries in grade IV students of SD Negeri Rangkah 1 Surabaya where in the initial examination the def-t score in SD Negeri Rangkah 1 students was 5.3 which was included in the high severity category. Therefore, to enhance students' knowledge about dental caries, the Smart Dental Box media was created to help convey information about dental caries, with the hope of reducing the high incidence of caries among students at SD Negeri Rangkah 1. Objective: To determine the use of Smart Dental Box media in increasing knowledge about dental caries for grade IV students at SD Negeri Rangkah 1 Surabaya. Methods: This descriptive research has a total of 32 respondents with pretest and posttest questionnaire sheets. The data analysis technique uses the average of the knowledge results of the pretest and posttest by recapping the data results and presenting them in the form of tables. Results: This research can be concluded that the knowledge of grade IV students of SD Negeri Rangkah 1 Surabaya City before counseling using Smart Dental Box media is in the category of sufficient and after counseling using Smart Dental Box media is in the good category.
Using Photo-Elicitation Interviewing on Family-Based Intervention Experiences Among Informal Caregivers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Changes to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm), which are being developed, aim to meet the demands on the level of health and increase daily diabetes self-care management activities in family-based intervention which is increasingly challenging. Disharmony over the quality of life, conflict of experience and family roles that are still unclear have been used as contributing factors. Photo elicitation interviewing (PEI) is a method that combines photos and interviews, has gained traction in the exploration of family-based intervention experiences, and there is also a need for analysis to develop more effective health programs. The main objective of this study was to use the PEI method to explore family-based intervention experiences involving informal caregivers and t2dm patients in Malaysia. Qualitative phenomenological sampling involved eight families consisting of informal caregivers (n=8) and t2dm patients (n=8) aged 20–60 years as purposive sampling. Interview content was compiled and coded using Excel spreadsheets and ATLAS.ti V9 software to perform thematic analysis. Six main themes have emerged: (1) mixed reaction to insulin injection, (2) education transformation, (3) self-efficacy to self-care behavior, (4) efforts in family-based t2dm management, (5) treatment needs, and (6) perception to t2dm diagnosis. The respondents have responded positively to using photos to support in-depth discussions. This method has successfully revealed aspects of the occurrence of a conflict that becomes a burden to the daily management of diabetes between them. This observation shows that PEI has the potential for acceptability and feasibility to form an intervention module, and further evaluation is very appropriate for the module design and development phase and the quantitative study phase.
Improving Quality Antenatal Care Services Used By Pregnant Women With The Client Oriented Provider Efficient Method Through Self Need Assessment,Client Right Assessment, Client Flow Analysis At Bojonegoro District Community Health Center
The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Bojonegoro Regency has increased in the last 3 years, in 2019 the MMR was 157.23 per 100,000 live births (KH), in 2020 it reached 161.80 per 100,000 KH, in 2021 it reached 200.30 per 100,000 KH from the MMR target of 98.5 Per100,000 KH. The low coverage of antenatal care services, K1 in 2021 was 99.5%, K6 coverage was 82.99% of the target of 100%. To reduce MMR, quality health services are needed at the Health Center, namely improving the ability of midwives, it is hoped that they can provide health services that are oriented to the needs of their clients. The health service process that focuses on its clients is the Client Oriented Provider Efficiency (COPE) method which will have an impact on Customer Satisfaction. This study aims to improve the quality of maternal health services using the COPE method and analyze the commitment of midwives, the satisfaction of pregnant women at the Bojonegoro Regency Health Center. The research location was at the Ngumpak Dalem Health Center and the Dander Bojonegoro Health Center. The population was the Health Center, Midwives and Pregnant Women. The Health Center sample was by purposive sampling with an operational research design. The COPE method has 4 stages consisting of Stage I: Information gathering and analysis including 1) Self Need Assessment (SNA) 2) Client Right Assessment (CRA) 3) Client Flow Analysis (CFA). Stage II Action Plan Development and Priority including the USG Method, Fish Bone Diagram, CARL, MEER, 5W + 1H, Stage III Implementation Stage IV Follow Up and Evaluation. In Year I 2024, this research was implemented by applying the COPE Method in Stages I and II. The results of the study showed that the commitment of midwives at the Ngumpak Dalem Inpatient Health Center and the Dander Non-Inpatient Health Center in Bojonegoro Regency was the Morally Committed commitment type, the Commitment During Later commitment stage, low commitment level. The COPE Stage I process at the SNA at the Ngumpak Dalem Health Center and at the Dander Health Center it was not fulfilled Information up date, training and development. CRA at both Health Centers on Information;Dignity, comfort, and expression of opinion; Continuity of care was not fulfilled. CFA showed that the Client waiting time at the Ngumpak Dalem Health Center was longer than the Dander Health Center. Stage II Action Plan and Priority through FGD discussing data from Stage I with the Health Center team consisting of Midwives and Heads of Health Centers obtained priority problems of the lack of fulfillment of midwives' rights to supervision by the Health Office, Information Up Date, Training and development and the lack of fulfillment of pregnant women's rights to information. The priority of the cause of the problem is the lack of understanding of Customer service. Alternative Priority of Problem Solving in Interpersonal Communication Training/Counseling, Improvement Activity Plan Low Fulfillment of Midwives' Needs for Updated Information, Training and Development. The satisfaction of pregnant women at the Ngumpak Dalem Health Center and Dander Health Center is mostly quite satisfied. It is recommended to improve the ability of midwives in the technical aspects of midwifery and interpersonal communication and counseling through training.
Low Fidelity Prototype Uterus Model - Initial Design of Uterus Organ Product as Learning Media for Handling Postpartum Hemorrhage
Background & Aims: Professionalism and competence of midwife graduates begins with the educational process that is carried out with all human resources and existing facilities and infrastructure including learning media for handling postpartum hemorrhage. This study aimed to create an innovative uterus model as a learning medium for handling post-partum hemorrhage. Methods: The research method used research and development (R&D) referring to the 4D model namely define, design, develop, and disseminate with 120 respondents from midwifery institutions in Surabaya. Results: The results of the research from the define stage obtained information that the uterus model learning media for handling post-partum bleeding due to uterine atony and placental retention used was still inadequate. At the design stage, the Low Fidelity Prototype of the Uterus Model was obtained, namely in the form of a Sketch of the Uterus Model Product which serves to develop the product design scheme until it finally becomes the final product “Uterus Model”. The uterus model media is designed with characteristics: resembles the original picture, resembles the shape of the uterus, transparent/translucent, spongy consistency, easy to obtain materials, the part in question (placenta) in the uterus appears from the outside and is a new product (not a copy of an existing model). Conclusion: The existing uterus model as a learning media has not been able to provide an actual picture. The existing uterus model as a learning media has not been able to provide an actual picture.
Optimizing Sappan Wood Extract to Boost Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Phagocytosis in Escherichia coli Infected Mice
Antibiotic resistance, particularly in E. coli ESBL, is sparked by self-medication practices encouraged by infectious infections in Indonesia. It is anticipated that the application of immunomodulators like sappanwood will defeat resistant bacterial infections. Although sappanwood extract's antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties have been demonstrated in earlier research, nothing is known about how it affects E. coli ESBL infections. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not sappanwood extract can boost the immune response in mice harboring antibiotic-resistant E. coli. Methods: Fifty male rats were employed in the investigation, split into five groups. For ten days, ethanol extract of sappanwood (EEKS) at doses of 280 ppm, 560 ppm, and 840 ppm were administered to each of the three treatment groups (K1, K2, and K3), while the positive control group (K+) received standard brazilin. The negative control group (K-) received sterile distilled water. Following the injection of E. coli ESBL into groups K+, K1, K2, and K3, measurements of SOD activity, phagocytosis capacity (KF), and phagocytosis index (IF) were performed. Results: When compared to the negative control group, the EEKS treatment group had higher KF of 86.4%, IF of 81%, and SOD levels of 64.3%. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of sappanwood significantly stimulated the immune system by raising the phagocytosis index and capacity as well as SOD enzyme activity.
Description of Knowledge about Dental Hygiene in Fourth Grade Students of SDN Banyu Urip II Surabaya in 2023
Background: The condition of the teeth in the oral cavity which is characterized by the absence of food particles, tartar, plaque, and dirt on other surfaces is called maintaining dental and oral health. The problem in this study is the high percentage of debris index scores in fourth grade students of SDN Banyu Urip II Surabaya. So the purpose of this study was to assess knowledge about dental and oral hygiene in fourth grade students of SDN Banyu Urip II Surabaya in 2023 (before and after they used animated video media). Methods: Descriptive research with the target of this study was 30 students of SDN Banyu Urip II Surabaya involving animated video media. In this study, the instrument used was a questionnaire sheet and the data collection method was by filling out the pretest and posttest questionnaire sheets. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the percentage of correct answers and presented in table form. Result: his study shows that before receiving counseling involving media in the form of animated video technology that is very familiar with children's lives, the knowledge of fourth grade students at SDN Banyu Urip II Surabaya was categorized as lacking, but after receiving the counseling, their knowledge increased and was categorized as good.
Self Control Model in Drug Abuse Behavior in Adolescents at State Vocational School 1 Labang Bangkalan
Introduction: Self-control is a form of mental condition that influences the formation of positive and productive behavior and determines the harmony of relationships with people in our environment. Deviant behavior, including delinquency, promiscuity and failure in a person's life, is greatly influenced by low self-control (Sriyanti, 2012). Objective: to determine the model Self Control in drug abuse behavior in adolescents. Material & Method: Cross-sectional research design. Population and sample are students of SMK Negeri Labang Bangkalan, totaling 154 Sampling; total sampling. To measure Self Control using a questionnaire and drug abuse behavior with a questionnaire adapted from the Health Promotion Model (HPM). HPM is a way to describe human interaction with the physical and interpersonal environment in various dimensions. Result: The results of the study showed that for the results of self-control of students, most of them had insufficient behavioral control of 101 (84%), sufficient cognitive control of 79 (67%) and sufficient decision control of 65 (52%). For drug abuse behavior, data was obtained that most of the students' knowledge about drug abuse was still lacking of 104 (88%), data on student attitudes and actions were still lacking of 73 (60.7%) each. Conclusion: The application of the Self-Control model in drug abuse behavior in adolescents can create self-control by considering behavioral, cognitive and decision control so that it can prevent drug abuse behavior. Adolescents with a good self-control model will capable increase cognitive, behavior and decision face drugs, so that can stay away from or not consume drugs.
The Effect of Melon Seeds (Cucumismelo L.) On Reducing TSS (Total Suspended Solid) Levels of Tahu Industrial Waste Water, Tawangrejo Village Takeran District Magetan District
Tofu liquid waste containing high levels of TSS (Total Suspended Solid) can be treated using coagulation-floqualization. The coagulation process requires additional substances that can help the process of settling suspended particles. Flocculation is the process of combining floc nuclei to form larger floc particles. The aim of the research was to measure the effect of melon seeds (CucumisMelo L.) on reducing TSS levels before adding melon seed powder (CucumisMelo L.) at doses of 12 gr, 16 gr and 20 gr. This research is a pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Tofu liquid wastewater samples were obtained from tofu factories with varying flocculation coagulation doses using melon seed powder (CucumisMelo L.). The independent variable is the dose of melon seeds (CucumisMelo L.). The dependent variable is reducing TSS levels in tofu industry wastewater. There were 4 groups of varying doses, namely before treatment, 12 gr, 16 gr, and 20 gr, and each group was repeated 6 times. Data analysis used one-way anova test. The results of the research showed the influence of melon seeds (CucumisMelo L.). on reducing TSS (Total Suspended Solid) levels in tofu industrial wastewater at a dose of 12 gr with a result of 91 mg/L. dose 16 with a result of 100 mg/L. and a dose of 20 gr obtained a result of 120 mg/L during the 60 minute deposition process. Based on the one-way ANOVA test analysis, the p value > 0.05 was obtained, so there was an effect of decreasing TSS levels. The suggestion for researchers who will continue is the need to increase the coagulant dose to obtain a more effective reduction in TSS levels.
Development of an Instrument for the Early Detection of Intellectual Retardation in Children: A Comprehensive Approach for Parents
This research aims to develop an instrument for the early detection of intellectual delay in children that can be used practically by parents. The instrument is designed to evaluate various aspects of a child's development, including communication, adaptive and maladaptive behavior, flexibility, imagination, pre-academic abilities, independence, motor, and sensory. The process of developing this instrument involves Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with experts and caregivers of children with special needs, as well as research methods that include observation, commands, and direct interviews to obtain comprehensive input. Through this stage of development, the instrument has experienced a significant improvement from initially only measuring 8 main variables to 9 main variables, with the addition of more detailed and in-depth assessment items. This addition reflects the need to monitor various dimensions of child development in a more holistic and detailed way. The results of this study show that the developed instrument not only increases the number of variables measured but also improves the quality and accuracy of assessment. This instrument is designed to make it easier for parents to detect children's developmental delays early, allowing intervention actions to be carried out more quickly and effectively. With this tool, it is hoped that parents can make a more precise evaluation of their child's development and identify specific and appropriate intervention needs. In conclusion, this instrument offers a practical and comprehensive solution to detect developmental delays in children, support the early detection process, and encourage more precise and targeted treatment. This research makes an important contribution to the development of early detection tools that can improve the quality of handling and support for children with special needs.
The Relationship Between Mothers' Knowledge About the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK) With Child Growth and Development at the Posyandu Baugenvile Sabandar Village, Karangtengah Subdistrict, Cianjur District
The research method used was quantitative with a descriptive and cross-sectional approach. The study population involved 30 mothers with children aged 0-24 months at Posyandu Baugenvile. The results of univariate analysis showed that most children had normal weight (70%) and appropriate development (73.3%), while the majority of mothers had sufficient knowledge about HPK (66.7%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between mothers' knowledge of HPK and child growth (p=0.013) and development (p=0.022). This finding suggests that better maternal knowledge of HPK is positively associated with child growth and development. The conclusion of this study is that maternal knowledge of HPK has a significant effect on child growth and development. Therefore, improved health education for mothers on HPK can contribute positively to child growth and development. Recommendations are given for more intensive health education programs at the posyandu level to improve maternal knowledge and support optimal child development.
Adolescent Behavior in the Prevention of Drug Abuse at Vocational School Negeri 1 Labang Bangkalan
Introduction: Prevention of drug abuse in adolescents can be done by providing health education and self-control training. Good self-control, adolescents will be able to control themselves from the influence of others and drug abuse will not occur. The ability to control themselves among adolescents is different, there are adolescents who have high self-control and there are adolescents who have low self-control. Objective: This study aims to determine the behavior of adolescents in preventing drug abuse at SMK Negeri Labang Bangkalan. Material & Method: Using a questionnaire. After the data is collected, the data is processed with the stages of editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating. This study uses descriptive analysis in the form of frequency distribution tables and narratives. The ethics in this study are by using unformed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, and volunteerism. Result: Data on drug abuse behavior shows that the majority of students' knowledge about drug abuse is still lacking, amounting to 104 (88%), data on students' attitudes and actions are still lacking, amounting to 73 (47.4%) each. Conclution: The results of the study showed that adolescent behavior in drug abuse in 3 behavioral domains, namely knowledge, attitude and action, is in the poor category. Adolescent behavior in the knowledge domain is caused by adolescents who do not like to read books or listen to news about drugs so that adolescent knowledge about the dangers of drugs is still lacking.
Acceptance and Protein Content of Skim Milk Avocado Velva with the Addition of Green Beans as an Alternative Snack for Stunting Toddler
Stunting is a chronic malnutrition condition caused by toddlers' food intake being insufficient to meet their nutritional needs. Efforts made to overcome stunting in-clude providing additional food. Avocados are a local food source that is rich in nutrients. Milk is a good source of animal protein and calcium. An alternative source of vegetable protein that is high in protein and iron content is green beans. The objectives of this research are Identifying the acceptability and protein con-tent of "Velva Avocado Skimmed Milk with the Addition of Green Beans" as an alternative snack for toddlers to prevent stunting. True experimental research was conducted with a control group and two groups that received treatment. The or-ganoleptic tests were conducted on 25 panelists. Indicators included color, taste, flavor and texture. Velva formulations average distribution is F0(3.76), F1(3.79) and F2(3.59). The most preferred formula was F1 (100 grams of avocado, 75 grams of skim milk, and 25 grams of green beans). Provides a protein content of 2.96 g/recipe.
The Inovation of Dental Caries Prevention: The Influence of Maternal Training in Early Caries Risk Detection through Enhancing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors
Dental and oral health in children is a critical factor that demands attention, as tooth decay during childhood can significantly impact the development of permanent teeth. Parental behavior, particularly maternal involvement, plays a crucial role in influenc-ing children's dental health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal training on the early detection of dental caries and to assess changes in maternal knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. A two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed, utilizing a simple random sampling technique. The study involved 40 mothers and their children (aged 6-8 years) from elementary schools in the Medan Amplas District of North Sumatera. Participants were divided into control and intervention groups (n mothers=20; n children=20). The intervention group received hands-on training in de-tecting childhood caries using oral diagnostic instruments (mirror, explorer, excavator, and forceps), while the control group received only standard dental health education without the training. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior were measured using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test (p=0.001).The findings revealed a highly significant difference (p=0.000) in maternal knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after the intervention between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion is maternal training in the early detection of childhood dental caries significantly enhances mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding oral health. Addressing the knowledge and skill gaps in mothers is vital to advancing Indonesia's dental health performance.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Values in Patients Pneumonia at Mohammad Noer Hospital, Pamekasan
The trend of Pneumonia cases in 2019 in Pamekasan experienced a decline with the number of cases reaching 653 patients. However, in 2020 there was a spike again with the number of patients reaching 2,222 people. The cases spiked due to decreased body immunity after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, this number was obtained from a health census based on data obtained from the Pamekasaan Regency Health Profile. Data on the number of ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) values in patients diagnosed with pneumonia. Data collection is secondary data obtained and collected from medical records based on laboratory examination data using the Automatic ESR tool for patients diagnosed with Pneumonia at Mohammad Noer Pamekasan Hospital. The process of collecting secondary data or observations from the results of clinical pathology laboratories. Data based on gender in patients diagnosed with ESR at Mohammad Noer Pamekasan Hospital in January 2024 - June 2024, it was found that the results of examinations of male patients were 32 with a percentage of 49% while in female patients it was 33 with a percentage of 51%. more dominated by females. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The results of ESR levels in females are the most patients with a percentage of 51% and adults are the highest number with a percentage of 49%. 2. In the results of normal ESR levels, the highest percentage is 52% and ESR levels high as much as 49%. There are active lesions indicating changes in plasma proteins that occur in acute and chronic infections, as well as responses to tissue damage. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels in pneumonia infections occur in the body, When infection occurs, the immune system activates macrophages and Helper cells that produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Development of a Model of Pregnant Women's Behavior in Pregnancy Care
Maternal mortality is a problem in Indonesia, with indirect causes related to social, economic, behavioral, cultural and lifestyle factors. The aim to implement a behavioral model based on transcultural care (sunrise model) and PRECEDE in caring for pregnancy. The study with quasi experiment with the application of the model to the behavior of pregnant women who meet the inclusion criteria of 200 pregnant women for 3 months. The results of the pre and post test results obtained for the control group the siq value> 0.05 on all variables which means there is no difference between pre and post in the control group. While in the treatment group the results obtained siq <0.05 in all variables which means there is a difference between pre and post in the treatment group. The test for differences in the behavior of pregnant women in the control and treatment groups using obtained that for data on pre (before treatment) has a value of siq>0.05 in all variables which means there is no difference between control and treatment in the pre test. While in the post group (after treatment) the results obtained siq <0.05 on all variables which means there is a difference between control and treatment in the post test. In conclusion, the Sunrise Model (Transcultural Care) and PRECEDE-based behavior development model affects pregnant women in caring for pregnancy. In providing services to pregnant women should consider the sunrise model and PRECEDE.
Evaluation of Homemade Lyophilized Serum as External Quality Control Material for Clinical Chemistry Tests based on Variance Index Score
Background: External Quality Assurance (EQAS) is crucial for maintaining accuracy in clinical laboratory results. However, the high cost of commercial serum controls often limits participation, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to compare the performance of homemade lyophilized serum with commercial control serum as a cost-effective alternative for EQAS, using the Variance Index Score (VIS) for evaluation. Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted in 15 general medical laboratories from January to September 2024. Homemade lyophilized serum was prepared from pooled serum of healthy volunteers. Both homemade and commercial serum were tested for eight clinical chemistry parameters: glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, SGOT, SGPT, urea, and creatinine. VIS was calculated based on the difference between laboratory results and target values, and statistical analysis compared the two types of serum. Results: Commercial control serum produced results with higher mean values and lower variation compared to homemade serum. Despite higher variability in the homemade serum, no significant difference in VIS was found between the two groups (p > 0.05) for all tested parameters. Conclusion: Homemade lyophilized serum, though more variable, demonstrated comparable performance to commercial controls, making it a viable cost-effective alternative for EQAS. Further studies are recommended to assess long-term stability and quality.
Eating Patterns of the Elderly With the Incident of Diabetes Mellitus in the Posyandu Elderly, Prunggahan Wetan Village, Semanding, Tuban District
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease commonly known as high blood sugar. Prevent diabetes mellitus by changing lifestyle, regulating diet, and maintaining normal weight. WHO (World Health Organization) states that 422 million people in the world suffer from diabetes mellitus, an increase of up to 8.5% in the population of older people. This study aimed to determine the relationship between elderly eating patterns and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the elderly posyandu, Prunggahan Wetan village, Semanding sub-district, Tuban regency. Correlational research design. The population in this study was all 40 elderly people who actively participated in posyandu activities for the elderly. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The independent variable is the elderly's diet. The dependent variable is the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews, and then data processing and statistical analysis were carried out using the Chi-Square test. The research showed that almost all (67.5%) of the elderly had a good diet category, and a small number of elderly (10%) suffered from diabetes mellitus. After carrying out the Chi-Square test between the pattern of elderly people and the incidence of diabetes mellitus, the P-value = 0.001 was obtained, where the P-value < α (0.05). This shows a relationship between the diet of elderly people and the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Efforts to reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus can be carried out by health workers by providing routine health education once a month during posyandu activities regarding regulating diet by adjusting the amount, type, and frequency according to age.
Correlation between Anxiety Level and CD8+ Cell Count in Breast Cancer Patients
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, with 9.6 million deaths each year. Many studies have shown that the prevalence of psychological distress among breast cancer patients is high, and they are at higher risk of developing anxiety and major depression. Prolonged stress and anxiety can affect one's immunity. CD8+ cells are immune cells that play an important role in destroying cancer cells. This study aims to determine the correlation of anxiety levels with the number of CD8+ cells in breast cancer patients. This study used analytic observation with a crosectional design in breast cancer patients from March to May 2024. Data were analyzed for normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and to determine the relationship between the two variables using Pearson test. HARS questionnaire was used to determine the level of anxiety, and BD FACS lyric tool to determine the number of CD8+ cells. Of the 30 respondents, the results showed that 30% of respondents did not experience anxiety (n=9) with an average CD8+ cell count of 518 cells/µL, 53% experienced mild anxiety (n=16) with an average CD8+ cell count of 484 cells/µL, and 17% experienced moderate anxiety with an average CD8+ cell count of 246 cells/µL. The results of statistical analysis of pearson correlation is 0.077. This shows that there is no correlation between anxiety levels and CD8+ cell counts in breast cancer patients. The effect of anxiety on the immune system in breast cancer is very complex. So it requires additional research to explain completely.
Description of Eating Behavior, Physical Activity with the Incidence of Overweight in Student Elementary School at Surabaya
Indonesia is developing country that faces many nutrition problems. The double nutritional challenge facing Indonesia today is the unresolved problem of under-nutrition and at the same time the problem of overnutrition. Overweight and obe-sity. The highest prevalence of obesity in primary school children in 2010-2013 was in Surabaya at 10.6%. To determine the description of eating behavior, phys-ical activity, and the incidence of overweight in 5th grade students at SDN Pacar Keling V Surabaya City. This type of research is descriptive and the sampling technique is done by proportional random sampling technique. Eating behavior in the good category was 56.1%, mild physical activity level was 60.3% and the in-cidence of overweight was 48.9%. The results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between eating behavior and the incidence of overweight, there is a relationship between eating behavior and overweight, and there is a relationship between physical activity and the incidence of overweight. Implement good eating behavior and a balanced healthy diet with sufficient physical activity for elemen-tary school children.
The Relationship Between Community Role and Environment on the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases and the main cause of death worldwide. Pulmonary TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tubercoluss. Itian Based on data on pulmonary TB disease from the Magetan Regency Health Office in 2021, the incidence of pulmonary TB in the work area of the Panekan Health Center is the highest compared to other health centers in Magetan Regency, which is 260 patients (2020-2022). This study aims to analyze the role of society (knowledge, attitude and action) and environment (physical condition of the house) on the incidence of pulmonary TB disease. This type of research is analytical with a case control approach. The sampling technique uses fixed disease sampling, namely patients who have been determined by medical personnel and recorded in the medical records of the Health Center. The population of this study is 260 patient homes and 260 non-patient homes. The sample size of this study was obtained by 113 respondents. Data collection was carried out by survey, interview, observation using questionnaires and physical measurements of respondents' homes. Data analysis using Chi square. The results of the study showed that statistical analysis obtained a p value for knowledge (p=0.095), attitude (p=0.335) and action (p= 0.445), the value was greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05), it can be concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge, attitude and action and the incidence of pulmonary TB. While the condition of the house showed a value of p = 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the condition of the house and the incidence of pulmonary TB. The condition of the house is related to the incidence of pulmonary TB, while knowledge, attitude and actions are not related to the incidence of pulmonary TB. It is necessary to improve the condition of the house so that in the future it will reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB.
Factors Influencing Pregnant Women's Intent to Undergo Dental and Oral Examinations during Antenatal Care (K1) Visits
Introduction: Maternal health during pregnancy is a significant concern, as a substantial portion of maternal deaths worldwide, including in Indonesia, are attributed to infections. Dental and oral diseases are among the primary causes of such infections. This study addresses the low uptake of dental and oral examinations among pregnant women during their first antenatal care (K1) visit. Aim: To examine the factors influencing pregnant women's intent to undergo dental and oral examinations as part of their antenatal care (K1). Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design was conducted. Pregnant women were divided into a treatment group that received maternal independence training and a control group that received no intervention. A pre-test was administered to both groups. The sample consisted of 60 pregnant women from various in Gunung Anyar district, Surabaya. Results: Age, occupation, and outcome expectancies did not significantly influence the intent to undergo dental examinations. However, education level, self-efficacy, and perceived risk were significant predictors of intent. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor, with higher odds ratios in both the treatment and control groups. Conclusion: Factors such as education, self-efficacy, and perceived risk significantly influence pregnant women's intent to undergo dental and oral examinations during their first antenatal care visit. Interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy may be effective in increasing uptake of these services.
Determinant Factors Disrupting Cholinesterase Enzyme Activity in the Blood of Shallot Spraying Farmers
The use of pesticides can result in environmental pollution and poisoning. Shallot farmers have been poisoned by organophosphate pesticides. Organophosphates can affect the nervous system by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme cholinesterase. This study aimed to analyze the determinant factors that influence the cholinesterase enzyme in the blood of shallot farmers. One of the important benefits of this research was the prevention and control of organophosphate pesticide poisoning. This type of research was observational. The population was 38 shallot spraying farmers, sample were 33 people chosen randomly. The research variables were the cholinesterase enzyme in the blood, type of pesticide, age, length of service, frequency of spraying, education, knowledge and drinking water intake. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square. 30,3% of shallot farmers had abnormal cholinesterase enzyme. The cholinesterase enzyme in the blood was related to the type of insecticide (p= 0.000), length of service (p= 0.035), spraying frequency (p= 0.004), education (p= 0.000) and water intake (p= 0.031). It is important to increase farmers' understanding of the dangers of pesticides and how to use pesticides safely.
The Role of Information Media, Healthcare Provider Support, and Family in Predicting Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Knowledge: A Case Study on Pregnant Women in Manokwari
Good knowledge about tetanus diphtheria (TD) immunization has a great influence on pregnant women's decision to immunize. This study aims to predict the level of knowledge of pregnant women about TD immunization in Manokwari based on the role of information media, support of health workers, and family support. Tetanus is an acute infectious disease that can be prevented through TD immunization, which is very important for pregnant women to protect themselves and their babies. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 51 pregnant women who were selected by accidental sampling in the work area of the Amban Health Center. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires that included variables of knowledge, family support, health worker support, and exposure to information media. The results of the analysis showed that 76% of pregnant women received family support, 69% received support from health workers, and 55% were exposed to information media. The level of knowledge of pregnant women about TD immunization is in the moderate category (53%). Bivariate analysis showed that family support and exposure to information media had a significant relationship with the level of knowledge of pregnant women (p-value < 0.05), while health worker support did not show a significant relationship (p-value > 0.05). This study emphasizes the importance of synergy between families, health workers, and information media in increasing pregnant women's knowledge about TD immunization. Family support, especially from husbands, has proven significant in increasing awareness among pregnant women about the importance of TD immunization. Information media also play a vital role in disseminating accurate knowledge. Thus, an approach involving various sources of support is urgently needed to increase TD immunization coverage among pregnant women in Manokwari.
Relationship Between Macronutrient Intake and Nutritional Status with The Menstrual Cycle for Class 11 Female Students in MAN Kota Surabaya
The menstrual cycle can be influenced by several factors, one of which is nutritional status. A teenager with over nutritional status or obesity tends to have high testosterone levels which can trigger menstrual irregularities. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between macronutrient intake and nutritional status of adolescents with the menstrual cycle in grade 11 students at MAN Surabaya City. This research is an analytical research using a cross-sectional study design conducted at MAN Surabaya City with a sample size of 67 people. The sample selection process was carried out using Proportional Random Sampling. Data on macronutrient intake results obtained from the SQ-FFQ interview in the last month and menstrual cycle regularity using a menstrual cycle history questionnaire for the last 3 months. The menstrual cycle and macronutrient intake are not related, according to the findings of statistical tests using the Spearman Rank Correlation test. There is a relationship between the menstrual cycle and the nutritional status of adolescents. Schools and community health centers are expected to work together to educate students about adequate macronutrient intake and meet the nutritional needs of adolescents.
Melfin Revalina Yunita Alfatika Hariyadi
The Correlation of Nutritional Knowledge and Snack Consumption Habits with Nutritional Status in 5th Grade Students of SDN Wadungasih 2 Sidoarjo
Indonesia suffers from nutritional problems related to nutrient deficiencies and excesses. The intake of well-balanced food consumed by children is low, while the intake of unhealthy snacks is high. Based on 2018 Basic Health Report, the prevalence of BMI/A children categorized as overweight was 10.8%, while obesity was 9.2%. This study aimed to determine the correlation of nutritional knowledge and snack consumption habits with nutritional status in 5th grade students of SDN Wadungasih 2 Sidoarjo. This study used cross sectional method involving 58 students through saturated sampling technique in 6 months period. The data of nutritional knowledge and snack consumption habits were collected through a questionnaire and interview. Nutritional status was also measured by the weight and height. Based on the Spearman test results, it was found that there is a correlation between nutritional knowledge and nutritional status in 5th grade students (p = 0.000), and there is a correlation between snack consumption habits and nutritional status in 5th grade students (p = 0.001). Schools are expected to maintain the nutritional knowledge and consumption habits by providing healthy canteen facilities. For students, it is expected to be more selective in choosing food or snacks that will be consumed.
Alhijama Related to the Decrease of Systolic Blood Pres- sure in Hypertensive Patients: Preliminary Study
Some patients with Non-Comunicable Diseases (NCD) like hyperten- sion receive hijamah in addition to community health center treatment to support conventional treatment and maintain a stable blood pressure [1][2] Few studies have shown that hijamah lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients, thus more research is needed. Hypertension is common and has increased over the previous decade, worsened by rising healthcare expenses in Indonesia [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. Most hypertensive patients are productive age [8], and their quality of life is affected [9], which is harmful to the patients, their families, and public health and community welfare [10] [11] [12]. This circumstance will disturb the resilience of a nation on a national scale, as the resilience of a nation is determined by its people, which is dependent on family resilience and individual resilience [13] [12]. Hypertension is on the rise [6] [5] [7], and most patients are unaware [14]. They are youths to seniors [8] and unaware of hypertension problems [15]. They only realized they had high blood pressure after an exam [16] and CERDIK instruc- tion [17], with some taking additional steps [18]. Many hypertension sufferers use complementary methods like hijama. Some have been proven elsewhere, but clinical laboratory approaches to testing effec- tiveness are rare in Indonesia. This initial stage will verify its effects for lowering blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, allowing clinical laboratory verifica- tion. This should explain hijama therapy's success scientifically.
Health Education Approach Based on the Health Belief Model in an Effort to Prevent Stunting in Mothers of Toddlers
This research is intended to analyze the HealthBelief Model-based health education approach in an effort to prevent stunting in mothers under five in Wonoayu Village, Wonoayu Sidoarjo Health Center Area. This research is beginner research which is planned to be carried out over a period of 6 - 12 months. Health Belief Model (HBM) is a theory to determine individual perceptions regarding whether or not they accept their health condition or determine an individual's attitude towards health behavior, but it is hoped that it can encourage society, especially the role of mothers, to make behavioral changes to improve health in an effort to prevent stunting. Stunting is a condition that describes a person's stunted growth due to longterm malnutrition and increases the risk of morbidity and death as well as hampered mental and motor growth. Therefore, this research aims to find out how to approach health education based on the HealthBelief Model in an effort to prevent stunting in mothers of toddlers. Specifically, this research aims to: (1) identify health education programs based on the HealthBelief Model; (2) identifying the behavior of mothers of toddlers in efforts to prevent stunting; (3) analyze the effect of a HealthBelief Model based health education program in efforts to prevent stunting in mothers of toddlers. This research design uses quasyexperimetal with a pre and post test control group design approach. The research subjects were mothers who had toddlers in the Wonoayu Community Health Center working area. The number of research subjects was 30 people for the control group and 30 people for the treatment group. The data collection technique used was using a questionnaire assisted by data from the Community Health Center and a stunting smart book. Data collection techniques using nonprobability sampling using purposive sampling techniques. The data were analyzed using the Mc.Nemardan statistical test to see differences using the ChiSquare test.
Disk Diffusion Method Of Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing With Erythromycin On Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the bacterium that causes diphtheria. The high mortality of diphtheria cases is mainly due to delays in diagnosis and therapy. One of the measures to prevent diphtheria is by giving prophylaxis to cases, contacts and carriers. The recommended antibiotics of choice are penicillin and erythromycin. Bacterial susceptibility tests to antibiotics need to be carried out continuously to determine the development of bacterial resistance. Based on this, it is felt that the diffusion disk method antibiotic sensitivity test needs to be developed to support culture examination and antibiotic sensitivity testing for diphtheria at BBLKM Surabaya. This method is used as an alternative to the standard dilution method and is expected to have good suitability. The purpose of the study was to determine the results of the diffusion disk method sensitivity test with erythromycin antibiotics against Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria that are still sensitive or resistant. This study is an observational descriptive study conducted on 33 positive isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in 2023 at BBLKM Surabaya. The research was conducted in the clinical microbiology laboratory of BBLKM Surabaya in May 2024. The results showed sensitive results with a diameter of more than 24 mm in all isolates tested with details of the percentage of samples with an inhibition zone of 25 mm as much as 6%, samples with an inhibition zone of 36 mm as much as 3%, samples with an inhibition zone of 37 mm as much as 19%, samples with an inhibition zone of 25 mm as much as 6%.
The Relationship Between Maternal Knowledge About the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK) and the Occurrence of Stunting in the Jabon Sidoarjo Health Center Work Area
The first thousand days of life (1000 HPK) is the period from 270 days (9 months) during the mother's womb to 730 days (24 months) after the child is born which can determine the future of humans. One of the health problems in 1000 HPK that often occurs in children is stunting, so it is very necessary for mothers' knowledge to be able to prevent stunting by optimizing 1000 HPK. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge about the first 1000 days of life (HPK) with the occurrence of stunting in the Jabon Sidoarjo Health Center Working Area. This study used a type of correlation analytic research with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were some mothers who had children aged 0-5 years in the Jabon Sidoarjo Health Center working area, Dukuhsari Village, totaling 79 mothers with simple random sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that all (89.7%) mothers have sufficient knowledge whose children do not experience stunting and most (73.1%) mothers have less knowledge whose children experience stuning. The results of the Chi-Square statistical test obtained an Asymp.sig (2-tailed) value = 0.00 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge about the first 1000 days of life (HPK) with the occurrence of stunting. Therefore, health workers need to provide counseling to mothers, especially about 1000 HPK and it is recommended that parents need to increase knowledge by seeking information about the importance of 1000 HPK in preventing stunting.
Maintenance of Dental and Oral Health in Class 5 Students Using Explosion Box Media
Background: School-aged children, especially those between the ages of 6 and 14, are at a time when they are vulnerable to tooth decay problems. This research focuses on the high incidence of dental caries in students of classes 5A and 5D of SDN Sidoklumpuk Sidoarjo. This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge about the maintenance of dental and oral health before and after giving instructions on the use of explosive boxes to the students of classes 5A and 5D of SDN Sidoklumpuk Sidoarjo. This search is used almostExperimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a single group, including 36 students from classes 5A and 5D as samples. Data were collected through questionnaires in which students were given a pre-test and post-test to measure changes in their knowledge before and after counseling. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the study showed that after receiving advice on the use of the explosion box, the students' knowledge about maintaining oral health increased significantly, with a significant value of ρ < α, which it means that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. In conclusion, the instruction using the explosion box was successful in increasing the knowledge of students in classes 5A and 5D of SDN Sidoklumpuk Sidoarjo regarding the maintenance of oral health.
Development of a Family Adaptation Model with One of Its Members Experiencing Diabetus Millitus with Diabetic Foot Complications
Background: Diabetus millitus with diabetic foot complications is one of the diseases with blood vessel disorders that result in the emergence of public health problems, especially the burden on families as a result of disability that arises after complications. Diabetus millitus with diabetic foot complications is the biggest cause of the patient's inability to carry out daily activities, where some patients with diabetus millitus with diabetic foot complications will experience weakness or paralysis of the limbs so that the patient is unable to move so that it becomes a family burden. This condition results in a burden for the family, which may be a care problem that reduces the quality of care provided to the patient. This study aims to develop a family adaptation model in caring for patients with diabetes millitus with diabetic foot complications. Methods: This study uses a survey research method with a total sample size of 200 respondents of family members: wife / husband and children who directly care for family members who experience diabetus millitus with diabetic foot complications, respondents are taken at home after 1 week the patient returns home from the hospital, a discrift observational design with a crossectional approach, sampling with non-probality purphosive sampling using a questionnaire from the family care centered developed by the researcher with validity and reliability tests above 0.6 and data analysis through the SEM-PLS test. Results and Novelty: The results of this study explain that adaptation is influenced by family coping strategies (p=0.001). The final results also show that family demographics affect stress (p=0.000), Stressors affect family perceptions (p=0.000) and stress (p=0.007), stress affects current family perceptions (p=0.041), social support affects current family perceptions (p=0.003), self-efficacy (p=0.017) and coping strategies (p=0.03). Spiritual coping affects adversity quotient (p = 0.001) and coping strategies (p = 0.005). Self-confidence affects problem solving strategies (p=0.033). Emotional intelligence affects problem-emotion coping strategies (p=0.000) and self-confidence (p=0.0003). Current family perceptions influence problem-emotion focused coping strategies (p=0.044) and stress (p=0.002). Adversity quotient influenced current family perceptions (p=0.001). The novelty of this study is that the family adaptation model can help families adjust while caring for patients with diabetus millitus with diabetic foot complications at home. Conclusion: This study can be concluded through this study that the family adaptation model is an excellent model to help families in caring for patients with diabetes millitus with diabetic foot complications at home after returning from the hospital.
The Utilization of Castor Leaf Extract (Jatropha Curcas L.) as a Gel Compress to Improve Temperature in Stroke Patients: A Clinical Study
Background: Stroke is a significant health issue in modern life, as it is a leading cause of death and disability due to inflammation that can lead to infarction. The application of castor leaf extract gel compress is anticipated to prevent inflammation in stroke patients due to its anti-inflammatory phytochemical content. Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a non-randomized pre-test-post-test design. It was conducted in the Sidoarjo district with stroke patients receiving outpatient care at the Neurology Department of RSU Al-Islam H.M. Mawardi. A sample of 28 patients received the castor leaf extract gel compress before, during, and after the intervention, with temperature measurements taken. The compress was applied twice daily at 08:00 AM and 12:00 PM for two months. Data were analyzed using the T-test. Results and Novelty: Results showed a decrease in temperature from an average of 37.8°C in the first week to 36.5°C in the third week. The T-test analysis yielded a significance value of 0.000, indicating a significant difference between the first and third weeks. Conclusion: It is concluded that castor leaf extract gel compress can improve temperature in stroke patients. Therefore, stroke patients should receive castor leaf extract gel compresses to prevent inflammation and avoid the expansion of infarction.
Effectiveness of Couple Class in Increasing Breastfeeding and Prevention of Breastfeeding in the Pandemic Era
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding still often experiences obstacles. At the beginning of childbirth, especially in the first 7 days, breastfeeding problems often arise. The first 7 days of childbirth are a critical period for Lactation problems that often arise in the first 7 days after childbirth are the lack of knowledge of couples about lactation. One alternative solution to this problem is through couple classes. Couple classes provide education to couples since pregnancy. Education is not only about knowledge but also breast care practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of couple classes in increasing breastfeeding and preventing breast engorgement. Method: The research design was a quasi-experiment with a pretest -posttest with control group design. The population was pregnant women in their third trimester and their partners. The sample was pregnant women and their partners who met the inclusion criteria of pregnant women and husbands living in the same house and were willing to be studied. The exclusion criteria were that the husband worked outside the city, did not participate in the entire series of research and experienced an emergency during research. The number of samples for each group was 25 people using a simple random sampling technique. The intervention group was given treatment in the form of a couple class given online via WAG and uring assistance once in the first 7 days after giving birth, the control group received treatment according to the applicable SOP at private midwife clinic. Before the treatment, a pretest was given regarding knowledge and attitudes about breastfeeding, then a couple class was followed for the intervention group, then a posttest was continued. Breastfeeding in the first 7 days used a checklist. Analysis: Differences in knowledge of breastfeeding using independent t-test (normally distributed data). Breastfeeding alone in the first week using chi square test. Differences in the incidence of breast milk stagnation between the couple class group and the control group using chi square test. Results: There was a difference in increasing knowledge and attitudes between the intervention and control groups (sig. value of each 0.000). There was a difference in giving breast milk only in the first 7 days between the two groups with a sig. value of 0.034. There was a difference in preventing breast milk engorgement in the two groups with a sig. value of 0.017. Conclusion and suggestions: Couple class effectively increases breastfeeding, infant sufficiency, and prevention of breast milk stagnation. Couple class materials provided online are quite effective and efficient during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Differences Between the Use of One Month Injection Contraception and Three Month Injection Contraception on the Increase in Body Weight in Contract Acceptors in PMB Sri Aningsih, Glenmore District, Banyuwangi Regency In 2024
Developing countries like Indonesia face the biggest problem, which is population growth. The National Family Planning Movement is one way to manage the population that aims to increase human resources. Progesterone is a hormone found in injectable contraceptives for one and three months. The progesterone content in injectable contraceptives DMPA 150 mg and combined injectable contraceptives 25 mg has an impact on increasing appetite, which causes an increase in body weight. This study used a retrospective method. With a total sampling technique, this study involved 60 people who received 1-month and 3-month birth control injections. Observation sheets were tools for collecting data. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. This study showed that those who received 1-month contraceptive injections (with 30 respondents each) experienced a weight gain of 19.32% and 41.68% in 3-month contraceptive injections (with 30 respondents each). The Mann-Whitney test value showed that Among KB acceptors, there was a significant difference in weight gain between one-month and three-month contraceptive injections (p-value = .000 <α = 0.05), indicating that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. It is hoped that this research will help midwives and other researchers understand the side effects of contraceptive injections.
Acceptability Analysis of (Carob, Tempeh, Honey Truffle) as an Alternative Snack Rich in Antioxidants (Cartemuffle Isoflavones and Polyphenols) to Prevent Breast Cancer
The most common cancer that affects women is breast cancer. Carob, honey, and tempeh are potential food modifications in the form of antioxidant-rich chocolate snacks that effectively ward off free radicals that cause breast cancer. The study was conducted to identify the acceptability (color, aroma, taste, and texture) and isoflavone and polyphenol levels of the control formula and CARTEMUFFLE formulas as alternative breast cancer prevention snacks. The study method used a true experimental design with a completely randomized design (CRD). There was a control formula and 3 modified formulas, namely LF1, LF2, and LF3. Further-more, an acceptability test was conducted on 25 moderately trained panelists to determine the most preferred. Due to cost constraints, isoflavone and polyphenol antioxidant content tests were conducted on the control and the most favored formulas. The Results showed that the most preferred formula was formula LF3 4.01 in the preferred category. Isoflavone and polyphenol antioxidant content were higher in LF3 than the control formula/LF0. This study shows the most pre-ferred formula is LF3, containing 0.12 mcg isoflavones and 1.73 mg polyphenols higher than the control. Further research can analyze all formulas' total antioxi-dant, macronutrient, and fiber content and change the cooking technique.
The Relationship Between Energy, Protein, and Iron Intake Levels with the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Class VIII Students at SMP Negeri 5 Surabaya
Adolescents need energy, protein, and iron, for growth and development. Lack of energy will lead to reduced protein and fat which serve as alternative energy sources. Protein deficiency can affect food transport, resulting in reduced muscle mass. Iron deficiency can cause CED due to its effect on haemoglobin synthesis. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the level of energy, protein, and iron intake with the incidence of CED in class VIII students at SMP Negeri 5 Surabaya. Materials and Methods using analytical observational cross sectional technique with 57 respondents. Data collection technique was random sampling. The study was conducted for 5 months. Data were collected through interviews and measurements of upper arm circumference. The results of the study students with CED category (68.4%). The highest level of energy intake was very low category (71.9%). The highest level of protein intake was very low category (70.2%). The highest level of iron intake was severe deficit category (98.2%). Conclusion there is a significant relationship between energy and protein intake with incidence of CED (p = 0.000 α < 0.05) and there is no relationship between iron intake with incidence of CED (p = 0.143 α > 0.05).
Airborne Microbial Risk Assessment in Indonesian Hospitals 2024: Control Strategies to Improve Environmental Quality
Hospital is a place where healthy and sick people meet, therefore the air quality in the hospital needs to be considered because it can affect human health. One of the risks of exposure to indoor air bacteria is Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health workers who work in pulmonary services and have direct contact with Tuberculosis patients every day. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of the risk of exposure to air germ numbers to the health of pulmonary clinic staff in the hospital. The results obtained will be analysed using the Microbial Risk Assessment method. Based on the measurement of the air germ count in the pulmonary clinic room, the total germ count is 32 CFU/m3, which means that the air germ count in the pulmonary clinic room meets the requirements and there is also no bacterial growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results of the risk characteristics in theMicrobial Risk Assessmentin this study are the risk level (HQ) in the hospital's pulmonary clinic staff of less than one which indicates that the risk agent does not cause adverse health effects on pulmonary clinic staff and there is also no growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosisbacteria. Suggestions that can be given to the hospital are disinfection, installation of exhaust fans in the hospital pulmonary clinic room to regulate air circulation.
Correlation Between Level of Compliance With Antiretroviral Medicine to Viral Load in HIV/Aids Patients
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a disease that attacks immune cells which includes primary infection, with or without acute syndrome, asymptomatic stages, to advanced stages. Treatment for HIV infection is carried out by giving antiretroviral therapy. Compliance with taking antiretroviral drugs will affect the results of viral load examination in determining treatment. Viral load is a marker of viral replication in laboratory tests. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between adherence to antiretroviral medication and viral load in HIV/AIDS patients. The research design used is the cross-sectional approach method. The study used secondary data on HIV AIDS patients who were taking TLD-type ARV therapy and carrying out viral load tests at the VCT Polyclinic at Sanjiwani Hospital, Gianyar from January to December 2022, as many as 74 people. The results showed that 60 people (81.1%) were dominantly obedient in taking antiretroviral medication. The dominant viral load test results were undetectable in 35 people (47.3%). Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that there is a relationship between the level of adherence to taking antiretroviral medication and viral load in HIV/AIDS sufferers at the VCT Polyclinic at Sanjiwani Hospital, Gianyar. The result of the correlation coefficient is 0.736 which means there is a strong relationship. This shows that adherence to taking antiretroviral drugs can determine how well antiretroviral treatment is in reducing the amount of virus in the body of HIV patients.
Analysis of Stunting Factors and the Implementation of Stunting Prevention Programs based on Health Promotion Theory
Objective: The prevalence of stunting in Surabaya City is high (24.5%), particularly among toddlers aged 24-59 months. This study aims to analyze factors associated with stunting and the implementation of stunting prevention programs based on the Health Promotion Theory in Surabaya City. Method: This research employed a quantitative approach with 200 toddlers selected through non- probability accidental sampling. Variables tested included birth length, birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding up to 2 years, immunization status, birth spacing, number of children, and economic status. Statistical analysis was used to identify the relationships between these variables and the occurrence of stunting, with path analysis to analyze multivariate impacts. Results: The study found significant associations between birth length, birth weight, the number of children, and economic status with stunting incidence. However, exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding up to 2 years, immunization status, and birth spacing did not exhibit significant relationships. Path analysis results indicated that only birth weight and economic status significantly influenced stunting occurrence. Conclusion: Birth weight, the number of children, and economic status play essential roles in stunting incidence. The implementation of prevention programs should consider these factors. Exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding up to 2 years, immunization status, and birth spacing do not significantly affect stunting. Recommendations: In stunting prevention efforts, a focus on birth weight and economic aspects is essential. Further research is recommended to explore other factors influencing stunting for more effective prevention program improvements.
Knowledge, Attitude and the Role of Peers on the Impact of Drug Abuse on Adolescents in SMK Negeri 1 Tuban
In Indonesia UNODC (United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime), drug abuse is included in the criteria of extraordinary crime ranking first in ASEAN. This proves that drugs are very detrimental to damaging the next generation of the nation. The age range of adolescents (15-24 years) in 2020, there are 269 million worldwide using 950 types of drugs. The re-sults of interviews from 20 students there are 15 or 75% still do not know about the impact of drug abuse. The general objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and role of peers about the impact of drug abuse on adolescents at SMK Negeri 1 Tuban. Research design descriptive. The sampling technic used is Simple Random Sampling. Pop-ulation of class X students was 160. The sample was 114. The variables in this study are knowledge, attitude and role of peers. Data collection using questionnaires processed cod-ing, scoring, tabulating. Univariate research analysis. The results of the study can be seen that all adolescents have good adolescent knowledge, most of the negative attitudes, peers who play a small role. This shows that good knowledge, positive attitudes and the role of peers who support in good things are very important for adolescents to avoid drug abuse. The role of schools is to socialize the impact of drug abuse, life skills development in the educational environment through participatory methods of health education in biology and physics subjects. Soft skills development follows several extracurricular activities such as reading Al-Quran, soc-cer, basketball, volleyball, dance, choir, karate, pencak silat, nature lovers, theater, and band. so that these students can develop soft skills and achieve.
Use of Media Castle Pop-Up to Change Knowledge About Dental & Oral Hygiene
Background: Poor oral hygiene can be one of the causes of problems that affect oral health that need to be considered in school-age children, especially elementary school children. This can happen because children are not yet accustomed to maintaining oral hygiene from an early age. Problem the researcher discovered a lack of knowledge about oral hygiene among school-age children. Purpose of this study was to assess whether there was a change in knowledge among grade 4 students at SDN Sidosermo 1 in Wonocolo District, Surabaya City. Type of research used was Quasi Experiment with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design. Method used by the researcher to collect data was a questionnaire sheet given before and after counseling with Castle Pop-up media. Result the data analysis using the Wilcoxon test produced a significance value of 0.000, which is less than α 0.05. Conclusion: there is a change in knowledge about oral hygiene before and after counseling with castle pop-up media in grade 4 students of SDN Sidosermo 1, Wonocolo District, Surabaya City in 2024.
Assessment Instruments Based on Need for Help and Self-Care as a Prevention of Emergencies Due to Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia
Assessment instruments based on the Need for Help and Self-Care can be instrumental in preventing seriousness in preeclampsia patients. It is hoped that using such instruments can help identify the risk of preeclampsia emergencies early and allow appropriate interventions to prevent further complications. This study aims to develop an application of the assessment instrument for mothers with preeclampsia based on Need for Help and Self-care which has been developed through previous research as an emergency prevention in mothers with preeclampsia. This research is qualitative research with the Delphi method approach. The Delphi method was used to obtain consensus from experts and practitioners on appropriate assessment instruments for patients with preeclampsia based on the Need for Help and Self-care nursing models. The participants in this study were 150 Midwives who worked in the maternity room of Dr. Mohammad Soewandi Hospital Surabaya, Bhakti Dharma Husada Hospital Surabaya, and Husada Prima Hospital Surabaya. This research consists of 2 stages, namely the first stage and the second stage. In the first stage, instrument trials were carried out and practitioners filled out questionnaires and continued with FGD to get expert input. In the second stage, the application of the Mother Assessment Instrument with Preeclampsia will be prepared based on the Need for Help and Self-care. In this study, the results were obtained that the assessment format used in the obstetric room of the three hospitals that were the place in this study was not suitable for mothers with severe preeclampsia, all indicators of the assessment instrument in mothers with severe preeclampsia based on the Need for Help and Self-care models were valid with a corrected item to total correlation value greater than 0.3 and a reliable alpha value greater than 0.6.
Slow Stroke Back Massage Is Fery Effective in Reducing the Gradation of Dysmenorrhea in Teenagers
Introduction. Dysmenorrhoea becomes a problem for adolescent girls every month and interferes with daily activities and even unable to perform activities at all.The purpose of the study was to analyse the difference in the effect before and after cutaneous stimulation on the gradation of dysmenorrhoea. Methods. Type of Quasy Experiment, design "Non Randomised Control Group Pretest-Postest Design", comparing the results of the experimental group and the control group. Population of 83, sample 31 adolescents taken by simple random sampling. The dependent variables are age of adolescents, age of onset of dysmenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea scale score, dysmenorrhoea scale category. The independent variable is cutaneous stimulation. To determine the effect of cutaneous stimulation on pain gradation analysis using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, to determine the difference in influence before and after cutaneous stimulation analysis using Mann-Whitney Test. Result. Teenage age mean 19.03, SD ± 0.795, age of onset of dysmenorrhoea 13-17 years. Pre-stimulation dysmenorrhoea scale score, obtained mean 4.90, SD ± 2.241. In post stimulation, the mean was 2.58, SD ± 1, 785, The category of post stimulation dysmenorrhoea scale changes from severe to moderate, moderate to mild, mild to no dysmenorrhoea. Gradation of dysmenorrhoea pre stimulation and post stimulation there is a significant change with a mean of 4.90 to 2.58, p value 0.000. There is a significant difference in the effect of stimulation on dysmenorrhoea gradation, delta -2.32 ± SD 1.739. Discussion. The age of onset of dysmenorrhoea occurs shortly after menarche due to imperfect reproductive organs. Stimulation performed twice with a span of 3 hours can significantly reduce the dysmenorrhoea scale score and can reduce the pain scale category from severe to moderate, mild to missing. The mechanism of action of stimulation is to encourage the release of endorphin which can block pain stimulus.
Prevention and Intervention of Stunting Through Mother's Empowerment
Introduction: It is important to reduce stunting as early as possible to avoid long-term detrimental impacts, namely stunting children's growth and development. This research aims to provide training and mentoring methods to mothers of toddlers, both in classical form and direct practice. Method: Stage I developed a model of maternal empowerment in preventing and dealing with stunting in toddlers using a survey with a cross sectional design. The second stage of model implementation uses Quasi Experimental with pretest and posttest in the control group. The third stage uses experimental research with The Posttest–Only Control Group Design to determine the effect. Results: maternal empowerment and maternal characteristics greatly influence stunting. The empowerment t-statistic value is 3.231 and mother's characteristics are 7.523, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.96. Empowerment has an indirect impact through exclusive breastfeeding, but maternal characteristics indirectly influence knowledge, children's physical health, nutritional status, while family support indirectly influences stunting through exclusive breastfeeding and motivation. Conclusion: socio-economic as part of the mother's characteristics determines the mother's ability to make efforts to prevent and treat stunting. Family support increases mothers' motivation to provide exclusive breastfeeding which has a special impact on the incidence of stunting in children.
Health Behavior Skill Prevention of Emergency Conditions of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) disease requires long-term treatment. Clients need skills in carrying out care. This studied aims to analyze descriptively the behavior skills in preventing emergency conditions. The research design was descriptive. The number of samples were 150 people in the city of Surabaya. Sampling with probability sampling to determine the sample by randomly selecting 1 (one) Health Center in each area of North, West, East, South Surabaya, so that 4 (four) Health Centers are determined. The second stage, each selected Health Center, randomly selected 35-40 people. The researched variable of health behavior skill with sub-variables of diet management skill, blood sugar check skill and physical activity management skill. Data collection using Likert scale instrument with validity test result of 0.87 and reliability of 0.79. The result of the research obtained that diet management skill is mostly sufficient, blood sugar check skill is mostly sufficient and physical activity management skill is mostly sufficient. The conclusion of this researched that health behavior skill is in sufficient category. It is necessary to increase understanding about DM care to prevent emergency condition.
The Relationship of Knowledge of How to Brush Teeth with Ohi-S in Baiturrahman Middle School Students, Surabaya
Background: Dental health affects a person's overall health, and oral hygiene is a component of overall health. Food particles that cannot be removed effectively by brushing your teeth may be difficult to remove, leading to tooth decay and are the main source of this problem. Problem: High OHI-S scores in Baiturrahman Middle School students in Surabaya. Objective: To obtain a relationship between knowledge of how to brush teeth and OHI-S in Baiturrahman Middle School students, Surabaya. Research Method: This study used a questionnaire and OHI-S examination. Research Type: Analytical research with a cross sectional design with a total of 42 students as respondents. Data Analysis: Using data tests, especially the Spearman correlation test. Research Results: The results of the study conducted showed no relationship between knowledge of how to brush teeth and OHI-S in Baiturrahman Middle School students, Surabaya.
Complementary Nursing Intervention Bay Leaves to Prevent Complications in Hypertension Patients at Surabaya
Introduction: Surabaya is one of the cities with the highest prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia, namely 45,015 sufferers. Most of the people use herbs as a companion for treatment of chronic diseases. Chronic disease sufferers must receive ideal services so that they can continue to implement a healthy lifestyle appropriately and regularly. This study aims to assess complementary nursing interventions Bay Leaves to Prevent Complications in Hypertension Patients at Puskesmas Tambak Rejo Surabaya. Method: This research uses a quasi-experimental type of research using a pre-post test group design. The population in this phase 2 study were hypertensive patients who visited the Puskesmas Tambak Rejo Surabaya. The sample size in this study was 50 respondents in accordance with the criteria set by the researcher. The 50 samples were divided into 2 groups, namely 25 bay leaf treatment samples and 25 control samples (regular drug administration). The sampling technique chosen was consecutive sampling, namely a method of taking samples by selecting according to predetermined criteria. Result: The results showed that bay leaf intervention for the systole-diastole variable obtained a p value of 0.000 and 0.001, where the value was <0.05, which means there was a significant difference between pre and post in the intervention group. Discuss: It is provids complementary nursing interventions herbal medicine namely bay leaves, is effective in preventing hypertension and its complications. This has become one of the newest models in health literature. May be used as a medical reference in the education and implementation of nursing actions.
Knowledge about Dental Using Dental Smart Cards in Class V Students of SDN Rejosopinggir Jombang
Background: This is the high level of dental caries in class V students at SDN Rejosopinggir Jombang showing a high DMF-T index of 4.5. According to WHO, the average index standard can be said to be high if it has a score between 4.5-6.5. Dental caries has a bad impact on children. There are many ways to improve dental and oral health, one of which is promotional activities aimed at changing behavior from the knowledge aspect. Purpose: This research is to determine the difference in knowledge about dental caries before and after using a dental smart card in class V students at SDN Rejosopinggir Jombang in 2024. Methods: The data collection used was pretest and posttest. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a target number of 32 students, data analysis techniques using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Research using the Wilcoxon test resulted in o,ooo > 0.05, meaning there was a difference in students' knowledge after being given a dental smart card. Conclusion: From this research, there is a difference in knowledge about dental caries before and after being given counseling using dental smart cards to class V students at SDN Rejosopinggir Jombang in 2024.
Legal Reasoning of Liability in Indonesian Penal Law among Dental Therapists at Hospital
Currently, regulations related to dental and oral health service efforts, especially those carried out by dental therapists in hospitals, are regulated in several laws and regulations. There’s a need to be more arrangements regarding the location of responsibility for every action of dental health care services by dental therapists in hospitals, which are charged by both hospitals and dentists who provide mandatory delegation of activities. This study examines delve into the dynamics of the relationships between patients, dental therapists, dentists, and hospitals, as well as the legal implications of dental malpractice. Utilising a normative juridical approach. By examining relevant statutes, legal theories, and principles, we analyze secondary sources such as primary legislation and scholarly works. The result of this study is that the location of accountability for dental and oral health care services carried out in hospitals can be reviewed based on dental therapists in carrying out a series of health service actions. Healthcare providers must adhere to legal and professional standards. Violations can lead to legal consequences. Patient relationships are based on agreements and consent. Healthcare's primary goal is health promotion, but errors can cause harm. Dental therapists are accountable for their actions, and criminal law addresses healthcare misconduct. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing liability, informing policy development, education, and practice to promote a more equitable and patient-centered healthcare system.
The Relationship Between Employee Characteristics and Unsafe Actions in Sukosari Workshop Employees at PT Rekaindo Global Jasa Madiun 2024
Based on work accident data at the Sukosari Workshop of PT Rekaindo Global Jasa Madiun, there is one case of work accident every year, starting from 2020 to 2022, which is caused by unsafe actions by workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between employee characteristics, namely age, education level, length of service, knowledge, attitudes, and workload with unsafe actions in Sukosari Workshop employees of PT Rekaindo Global Jasa Madiun. This type of research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach and analytically studied. The sample in this study were Sukosari Workshop employees with a total of 54 people. The sampling method is total sampling. Data collection by means of a survey through filling out questionnaires, then analyzed analytically using the Chi-Square and Contingency Ciefficient tests. The results of the analysis between age and unsafe action (pvalue= 0.667), education with unsafe action (pvalue= 0.793), tenure with unsafe action (pvalue= 0.851), knowledge with unsafe action (pvalue= 0.001), attitude with unsafe action (pvalue= 0.008), and workload with unsafe action (pvalue= 0.035). Knowledge, attitude, and workload have a significant relationship with unsafe action. Researchers suggest that similar research needs to be carried out with different research methods in order to find out the main factors of employee characteristics that cause unsafe actions.
An Effect of Variations in Time of Using Harris Hematoxylin on Papanicolaou Staining
Cytology is the science that studies the morphology of individual cells or cells from tissue fragments that are observed microscopically. This branch of science, especially cytopathology, is very dependent on the quality of the results of cytol-ogy preparations for the validity of the diagnosis. One of the stains used in cytol-ogy is the Papanicolaou stain, which is very important for the early detection of oral and cervical cancer. This stain used Harris hematoxylin, which is able to provide very clear nuclear details. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of variations in the time of use of Harris hematoxylin on Papanicolaou staining. The variable tested in this study was the staining time using Harris hematoxylin solution at intervals of 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, and 10 minutes. Obser-vations were made on the quality of the resulting staining, which was measured based on the clarity of the cytoplasm and cell nuclei. The method used is analyti-cal observation using a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were undergraduate students of applied medical laboratory technology, using 1 sample with a total of 24 repetitions. The results showed that variations in coloring time had a significant effect on the quality of Papanicolaou coloring. Based on re-search carried out within 7 minutes, the results showed that the cytoplasm was stained light pink and the dark blue cell nuclei were clearly visible. The conclu-sion is that there was an influence on the staining results on oral mucosa exami-nation with variations in the time of use of Harris hematoxylin for Papanicolaou staining.
The Relationship Between Lead (Pb) Levels in Blood and Kidney Function in Farmers in Tanggulangin Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency
Lead is one of the heavy metals that can be found in pesticide formulations and has carcinogenic properties. Lead exposure tends to accumulate in the blood after entering the body through various exposure routes, potentially causing proximal tubule damage and leading to chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between blood lead (Pb) levels and kidney function in farmers in Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency, using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) and a photometer. This study is a correlational study conducted at the BSPJI laboratory and the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory of the Medical Laboratory Technology Department at Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya from March to May 2024. The population in this study consists of farmers, with a total of 30 blood samples collected using purposive sampling. The results of the study regarding blood lead levels in farmers showed that 29 respondents had normal levels, while 1 respondent had abnormal levels. Meanwhile, 9 respondents had abnormal creatinine and BUN levels, and 21 respondents had normal levels. The conclusion of this study is that there is no relationship between blood lead levels and kidney function in farmers in Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency.
Processed Koya Anchovy “KOIRI” As an Animal Sourced Local Food Business Innovation in the Southwest Papua Region
Tackling stunting by improving maternal health, there are local resources that are abundantly available in the Sorong City, Southwest Papua, i.e. Anchovy fish. Additional food “KOIRI” is an additional food for pregnant women made from anchovies, mushroom stock, salt and garlic. The main ingredient in making this fresh anchovies koya which are plentiful an easy to get by the people in West Pa-pua. “KOIRI” has nutritional content that able to support the mother’s nutritional needs during pregnancy, i.e. 100 grams of koya anchovies contain 665.2 kcal, 4.97 grams of fat, 46.99 grams of protein, 104.88 grams of carbohydrates, 2.77 grams of salt and 2.88 grams of calcium. This is what attracted us to carry out healthcare entrepreneur ship innovative research by utilizing the potential of local resources, which provides double benefits, namely health and family economics. The kind of methodology in this paper using experimental method with research design mutu hedonic and liking test design. This paper also pay close attention to measure micronutrients such as calsium, iron, zinc, carbs, and ccal. The analisys of the data using by organoleptic test and questionnaire. The result of the study in terms of taste, 2 (two) pregnant women who chose bad taste, less good and not fragrant aroma because the mother has a sensitivity to fishy odors in the first trimester pregnancy. The other 8 (eight) pregnant women of 1 trimester and 3 trimester on average chose good taste even very good taste. We also measure the product liking by a liking taste test. In terms of color the avarage respondent choose to like it, In terms of fragnant the avarage respondent choose to like it, and then In terms of taste the avarage respondent choose to like it, and the last indicator is in term texture test the avarage respondent choose to liking. Potencial impact of “KOIRI” are to make the anchovy commodity an im-portant source of nutrition in reducing the incidence of stunting, to develop the potential of local resources that have nutritional and economic value as one of the local wisdom, Increase the ability and capability of the community to produce ko-ya anchovy to become a superior commodity.
Correlation between SGPT Levels and Haemoglobin Levels on Patients with Hepatitis B at RSUD Haji Surabaya
Hepatitis B is an infection caused by the hepatitis B virus that attacks the liver and can trigger acute and chronic disease with a prevalence of 21.8% in Indonesia and can even cause death. Hepatitis B virus can cause liver inflammation that triggers cell damage and makes SGOT and SGPT enzymes in the liver release into the bloodstream. Damage to liver cells also leads to increased synthesis of hepcidin which functions to transfer iron to the systemic circulation. Reduced iron will lead to reduced haemoglobin levels in the body. This study is to see the correlation between SGPT levels and haemoglobin levels in patients with hepatitis B at RSUD Haji Surabaya. This type of research is descriptive with a sample size of 60 hepatitis B patient data. This study used secondary data from the clinical pathology laboratory of RSUD Haji Surabaya in December 2023 - May 2024. This study shows that from the data of 60 patient samples conducted statistical tests using the chi square test, it was found that there was no correlation between SGPT levels and haemoglobin levels in patients with hepatitis B with a significant value (p) of 0.189 > 0.05. There is no correlation between SGPT levels and haemoglobin levels in patients with hepatitis B.
Family Caregiver Skill in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Background: Family members as caregivers must be able to provide good and proper care for patients with Diabetes Mellitus, but not all families have the skills to care for family members suffering from diabetes mellitus. Families have not been able to support diabetes management specifically for several components of diabetes mellitus management, even showing helplessness in managing and mas-tering adaptive tasks related to family health problems. Objective: This study aims to determine the description of family caregiver skills in caring for patients with diabetes mellitus. Method: The design used is descriptive with a cross-sectional approach and sampling using a multistage random sampling technique. The num-ber of samples in this study was 373 family caregivers who care for diabetes mellitus patients with data collection using a questionnaire. Results: This study shows that most family caregivers with diabetes mellitus patients have moderate skills 211 (56.6%), family caregivers who have low skills 94 (25.2%), and those who have high skills 68 (18.2%). Conclusion: The skills possessed by family caregivers who care for patients with diabetes mellitus are included in the moder-ate skill category, it is necessary to increase knowledge of the skills that must be possessed by caregivers so that the care provided is maximized.
Self Efficacy of Family Caregivers in Caring for Gestational Pregnant Women in Tuban Regency
Gestational diabetes affects about 3% to 6% of all pregnant women. It usually starts in the fifth and sixth months of pregnancy (weeks 24 and 28) and usually disappears shortly after giving birth. Diabetes mellitus can damage the health of the fetus or mother, and about 20-50% of women with gestational diabetes mellitus survive. The individual approach in dealing with DM disease is more directed to the family approach because the family is the main health service provider for individuals suffering from chronic diseases such as DM. The design of this study uses a descriptive approach, using a cross sectional approach. The population of all family caregivers who accompanied DMG mothers who visited the Puskesmas was 102 families, with a sample size formula of 81 caregivers, the sampling technique used for purposive sampling, the research variable Self Efficacy of family caregivers in caring for Gestational Pregnant Women. The results of the study were obtained Family Perception on Family Caregiver Factor Variables, self-efficacy was almost half (48.1%) in the medium category, most families were adults (26-45 years old), male, Secondary Education (SMA), income >Rp 1,851,083, and husband status. Family support provides an experience for the individual to feel cared for and appreciated by his or her family because of getting help from people who he considers meaningful in his or her life, good self-efficacy is able to affect the psychological well-being of the caregiver while caring for gestational pregnant women.
Hereditary History with Age, Duration of DM, and Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated glucose levels. Genetic factors manifested by the presence of a hereditary history are one of the factors related to the incidence of DM. The purpose of this study was to explain and describe the presence of family history factors in patients with diabe-tes. The design of this study is descriptive correlational with a cross-sectional ap-proach, which was carried out at Puskesmas in the Surabaya City area from June to August 2023, with a total of 122 patients with DM selected through conven-ience sampling techniques. Data collection uses questionnaires and is analyzed using descriptive analysts and Pearson correlation tests. The results showed that most patients with DM were less than 6 years old (65.57%) and had a blood glu-cose level value of more than 200 mg/dL. Data on family history with DM showed that 45.90% had a family history of disease with DM of which 24.59% were from the maternal lineage. The results of the correlation test showed that the hereditary history was related to the age of the patient with DM (p = 0.003) and the length of DM (p = 0.049), but not related to blood glucose levels (p = 0.227). This study showed that almost half of the patients had a history of heredity. There are more hereditary histories from the mother than from the father or both. Pa-tients with DM who have a hereditary history have DM earlier than those who have no hereditary history. Based on these data, people who have a family history of DM need to be vigilant and improve a healthy lifestyle to delay the develop-ment of DM disease or prevent it.
Correlation of Anemia Knowledge and Teacher Support with Iron Supplementation Adherence among Adolescent Girls at SMPN 1 Kanor Bojonegoro Regency
Prevalence of anemia in Indonesia has reached 32%, the government's efforts to reduce the prevalence of anemia through a program providing Fe tablets for young women. The purpose of the research is to know the correlation of anemia knowledge and teacher support with adherence with Fe tablet consumption in adolesecent girls at SMPN 1 Kanor, Bojonegoro Regency. This research used analytical with a cross sectional design. The sample as 56 adolescents girls were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire. Data analysis used the Spearman Rank correlation test. This research showed that a correlation between anemia knowledge with iron supplementation adherence with a p-value of 0.002. There is a correlation between teacher support with iron supplementation adherence with a p-value of 0.001. Can be concluded a significant correlation between knowledge of anemia with the iron supplementation adherence, also a significant correlation between teacher support with iron supplementation adherence in adolescent girls at SMPN 1 Kanor, Bojonegoro Regency. Hopefully there needs to be education regarding anemia knowledge and the importance of consuming Fe tablets as well as monitoring regarding the consumption of Fe tablets in young women.
Correlation of eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) with Potassium Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Kidney Failure Complications
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by pancreatic metabolic disorders, and is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance, insulin deficiency or a combination of both. A common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by the presence of microalbuminuria 30 mg/day, then developing into proteinuria accompanied by high blood pressure so that the glomerular filtration rate decreases and causes kidney failure. Chronic kidney failure is characterized by GFR <60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 which lasts for more than three months. eGFR is a more sensitive indicator for measuring kidney damage than serum creatinine because it measures the level of glomerular damage specifically and assesses the filtration function of the kidneys. Decreased kidney function can interfere with potassium metabolism, because potassium excretion is mostly through the kidneys. Disruption of potassium homeostasis can cause hyperkalemia. This study aims to determine the correlation of eGFR with potassium levels in patients with diabetes mellitus who experience complications of chronic kidney failure. The type of research used is observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted at Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan Hospital, a type B hospital with A accredited service quality. eGFR examination was carried out using a Cockcroft Gault method and potassium level examination was carried out using the ISE (Ion selective Electrode) method. Data analysis was carried out using the Shapiro Wilk normality test and the Spearman correlation test. The results showed no correlation between eGFR and potassium levels in patients with diabetes mellitus who experienced complications of chronic kidney failure.
Liquid Organic Fertilizer From Reduce Waste by Aerator and Bioinoculant Design
The development of the potential of bioinoculants to reduce waste into liquid organic fertilizer (POC) with easy, cheap materials and abundant existence needs to be realized so that it can benefit the community. Waste treatment can prevent the occurrence of vectors and diseases and nourish the environment. The purpose of this research is to develop the potential of bioinoculants to reduce waste into liquid organic fertilizer (POC). The research method of this experiment goes through 2 stages, namely making bioinoculants containing waste degradation bacteria and making POC through the injection aerator and fermentation process. Bioinoculants contain bacteria: Actinomicetes; Lactobacillus sp; Nitrosomonas sp; Nictrobacter sp; Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp go through an aerobic process and feermentation for 2-3 months. POC raw materials: liquit materials (tofu waste, effluent biogas, cow urine and rabbit urine) and solid materials (leaf waste, rotten fruits, food scraps and other organic matter) ground with a mechanical box coper. The results of making POC mixing liquid materials and market waste based on the weight of the material with the addition of 1% bioinoculant then in a 2x24 hour injection aeraor and a fermentation period of 3-4 weeks the comparison of formula 1 is: C (8:2) replication 3 times yields an average (N: 4.3095%; P : 1.7373% ; K: 1.4944% and C/N ratio: 21.1904); D (7:3) yields (N: 4.2977%; P : 1.7514% ; K: 1.5813% and C/N ratio: 20.1701); and Formula 2 bioinoculant 2%. i.e. : G (9:1) yields (N: 4.7030%; P : 1.8551% ; K: 22.7471% and C/N ratio: 22.7471); H (8:2) (N: 4.8096%; P : 1.8344% ; K: 1.7128% and C/N ratio: 22.4420). Assessment of POC maturation results based on physical: smell, color, texture, pH, temperature, and chemistry: laboratory test results N, P, K, C/N ratio (Ministerial Regulation 261/2019). Innovative bioinoculation works that develop appropriate technologies that are easy, cheap, and useful with economic value to be more effective and efficient.
Bidara Upas (Merremia Mammosa) as a Traditional Medicine for Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that affects the lungs caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is acid-fast but will die upon direct exposure to sunlight. TB is the disease with the highest prevalence worldwide. In Indonesia, the eastern region has the highest prevalence, reaching 210 per 100,000 people. Despite the availability of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATDs), TB eradication efforts remain suboptimal. Bidara upas (Merremia mammosa), which contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols, has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, detoxifying, and analgesic properties. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms and the compounds present in Bidara upas extract that affect macrophage cells in mice injected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is an experimental study. The research sample consisted of white mice injected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and subsequently treated with bidara upas extract at concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. The results showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bidara upas extract at 100 mg/ml, supported by the Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) test using Ziehl-Neelsen staining and niacin testing. The 100 ppm bidara upas extract was relatively safe as it did not cause death in the mice, and there were no significant differences in liver and lung organs between the treated and control mice. Based on these results, further testing is recommended to investigate the fractionation and isolation of active compounds with anti-tuberculosis properties.
Lung Capacity and Health: A Comprehensive Study of Health Polytechnic Students' Respiratory Function
Optimal lung function is essential for maintaining overall health and enhancing the quality of life. This study aims to evaluate pulmonary function among stu-dents of Surabaya Health Polytechnic using spirometry, a method that measures lung capacity and performance. An observational descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed, involving 38 participants selected through purposive sampling. Key parameters measured included Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), with data categorized based on gender, exercise habits, Body Mass Index (BMI), and smoking history. The results indicated that all variables exhibited normal values for FVC and FEV1, suggesting that the lung function of the participants was within healthy ranges. Specifically, the study found that 67% of underweight in-dividuals and 89% of those with normal BMI had normal FVC values, while all obese participants exhibited normal FVC. Additionally, the majority of male par-ticipants showed normal lung function compared to females. This study high-lights the importance of regular pulmonary function assessments in medical edu-cation and the factors influencing lung health, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring to prevent respiratory disorders.
An Effect of Smoking Habits on Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Levels in Fishermen on Brondong Shipping
An abstract is an important part of journal publication. It enables the readers to identify the focus Smoking habits are known to have a negative impact on health, one of the impacts that people are not aware of that arises from smoking habits is getting Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), someone who gets RA will release Rheumatoid Factor (RF) protein. Basic Health Research Data in 2013 shows that fishermen are one type of job in Indonesia that makes cigarettes a necessity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of smoking habits on RF levels in fishermen on Brondong Shipping. The type of research used is analytical observational, using a Cross Sectional research design. The sampling technique in this study used non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique, obtained 34 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study obtained 25 respondents (73.5%) with negative results and 9 respondents (26.5%) with positive results, positive results were continued with RF examination using a semi-quantitative method to determine how high the titer in the serum was, and the results obtained were titer 1/4 (36 IU / L) as many as 3 respondents, titer 1/8 (64 IU / L) as many as 3 respondents and titer 1/16 (128 IU / L) as many as 3 respondents. After analyzing the data with the Chi Square test using SPSS, the significant calculation result was 0.808, which was greater than the significant value of 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is no influence between smoking habits and RF levels in fishermen in Brondong Shipping.
Test Acceptance and Antioxidant Content (Polyphenols) Grape jelly boba chia seed Formula as a Potential Beverage for Coronary Heart Disease
In Indonesia, coronary heart disease is the most common cardiovascu-lar disease.This disease is caused by narrowing, blockage, or abnormali-ties in the coronary arteries, which carry blood to the heart muscle. An-tioxidants have been shown to have the ability to help fight various diseases. Grapes are rich in the polyphenol compound resveratrol, which has benefits in preventing colon cancer, prostate cancer, coro-nary heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to determine the acceptability and antioxidant activity levels of Grape Jelly Boba Chia Seed drink as a potential drink for coronary heart dis-ease. Organoleptic test treatment with the following formulation F1 (control) comparison between Brown sugar, Full Cream Milk, Tapioca Flour, Tea is (45:70:15:30) F2 comparison between Grape, skim milk, wheat flour, chia seeds are (100:50:7:3) F3 ratio between Grape, skim milk, wheat flour, chia seeds is (80:70:6:4). Grape Jelly Boba Chia Seed drink most preferred by the panelists was F2.The highest average antioxidant content in the Grape Jelly Boba Chia Seed drink formula was sample F2, which was 75.04%.For people with coronary heart dis-ease, you can consume 1 portion of Grape Jelly Boba Chia Seed drink, namely 100 ml per day to reduce cholesterol levels.
Effectiveness of Anaerobic Aerobic Biofilter System in Reducing BOD, COD, Ammonia, and Phosphate in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surabaya in 2024
The wastewater from PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surabaya that has been treated still contains phosphate and ammonia that do not meet the quality stand-ards of the Governor of East Java Regulation Number 72 of 2013. High levels of phosphate and ammonia should not be discharged directly into water bodies be-cause they can cause various environmental problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the anaerobic aerobic biofilter system of the wastewater treatment plant in reducing BOD, COD, ammonia, and phosphate at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surabaya. This study was designed using a de-scriptive research method. The research variables were the anaerobic aerobic bio-filter system of the wastewater treatment plant at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surabaya by observing the decrease in BOD, COD, ammonia, and phosphate levels. The laboratory results of BOD, COD, ammonia, and phosphate levels were analyzed descriptively, referring to the Governor of East Java Regulation Number 72 of 2013 concerning Wastewater Quality Standards for Industry and/or Other Business Activities. Based on the results of laboratory test analysis, it shows that the wastewater treatment plant has been effective in reducing BOD (65.51%) and COD (70.65%), but is less effective in reducing ammonia and phosphate (28.66%). The quality of wastewater discharge from PKU Muham-madiyah Hospital Surabaya still exceeds the quality standards for the ammonia parameter, which is 0.144 mg/L, and the phosphate of 3.917 mg/L in accordance with the Regulation of the Governor of East Java Number 72 of 2013. Sugges-tions for the hospital are to monitor and evaluate the Anaerobic Aerobic Biofilter. Identify effective bacteria for seeding in the equalization tank so that the outlet discharge is in accordance with the quality standards.
Development of Health Promotion Model and Theory of Reasoned Action Regarding Preventive Behavior Stunting Through Training of Youth Health Cadres in Stunting Locus Village Magetan District
Stunting is a condition of failure to grow in children due to chronic malnutrition, especially in the first thousand days of birth. Reducing stunting requires integrated interventions including specific nutritional interventions, integrated prenatal care, monitoring pregnant women's nutrition, monitoring anemia, monitoring child growth and development, providing exclusive breastfeeding, providing MP-ASI that is nutritionally adequate, empowering families to monitor the administration of Fe tablets to pregnant women, vitamins. A Toddlers, PHBS, use of iodized salt, monitoring consumption of sidewalk snacks/manufactured snacks rich in MSG. The prevalence of malnutrition among children under five in Magetan district in 2018 was 0.96%. The aim of this research is to develop the Health Promotion Model (HPM), and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to influence the behavior of adolescent health cadres in preventing stunting.The type of research is cross sectional analytical. This research develops the Health Promotion Model and Theory of Reasoned Action in increasing the participation of adolescent health cadres in preventing stunting. The research location is the stunting locus village, Magetan Regency. The research population was all adolescent health cadres in Magetan Regency. The quantitative research sample was 400 cadres. The sampling technique is proportional stratified random sampling and simple random sampling. Exogenous variables are Prior Related behavior, personal factors. Endogenous variables are Perceived benefit of action, Perceived barrier of action, Perceived self efficacy, Activity related affect, Interpersonal influences (family, peers, providers, norms, support, model), Situation influences (option demand, aesthetic characteristics), Immediates competing demands (low control) and preferences (High control), Commitment to a plan of action, Health promoting behavior and community empowerment (adolescent health cadres). Data analysis using Regresi linier.The research results show the influence of Perceived benefit of action, Perceived barrier of action, Perceived self efficacy, Activity related affect, Interpersonal influences (family, peers, providers, norms, support, model), Situation influences (option demand, aesthetic characteristics), Immediates competing demands (low control) and preferences (High control), Commitment to a plan of action, Health promoting behavior towards community empowerment (adolescent health cadres). Conclusion: The development of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) influence the behavior of adolescent health cadres in preventing stunting.
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Behaviour in Mothers of Toddler Ages 12-59 Months Using Health Promotion Model
Background: The problems of malnutrition, stunting and overweight in Indonesia are nutritional problems that are still being addressed today, and one of the main obstacles is inadequate knowledge and inappropriate Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. Based on the Health Promotion Model theory, a person's behavior is influenced by previous behavioral factors, personal factors, and specific behavioral factors that will influence a person's commitment to taking preventive action. Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze IYCF behavior in mothers of toddlers aged 12-59 months using the Health Promotion Model theoretical approach. Methods: This research used correlational design with a cross sectional approach. The sample was 100 mothers of toddlers aged 12-59 months who were taken using simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a questionnaire to assess previous behavioral factors, personal factors (age, education, parity and socio-economic status), perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to action, attitudes related to activities, interpersonal factors (family support), and IYCF behavior. Then the data was analyzed using the logistic regression. Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between IYCF behavior the perceived benefits of action with p value of 0.036 (<0.05), perceived barriers to action with p value of 0.000 (<0.05), attitudes related to activities with p value of 0.034 (<0.05), and interpersonal factors with p value of 0.000 (0.05). However, IYCF behavior is not related to factors such as age (p=0.523), education (p=0.429), income (p=0.214), number of children (p=0.270) and previous behavior (p=0.181). Conclusion: Thus, the study showed that the most influential factors on infant and child feeding behavior based on the Health Promotion Model are perceived barriers to action and interpersonal factors (family support).
Relationship of Sifilis Coinfection With CD4+ Count in PLHIV (People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Syphilis is a contagious infection transmitted through sexual contact (STI) and can affect various organs of the body caused by Treponema pallidum. Syphilis increases the chances of HIV transmission. Co-infection in which HIV and Treponema pallidum often occur together is caused by the same transmission pathways and risk factors. so it is quite common in HIV-infected people, Syphilis-HIV co-infection can reduce the number of CD4 + +, causing the condition of the immune system to become worse. The purpose of this study was to determine how the relationship between Syphilis co-infection and the number of CD4+ in ODHIV (People with Human Immunodeficiency). The type of research used was correlation research with a cross sectional design. 20 ODHIV with a history of / still suffering from syphilis were serologically examined for syphilis and CD4+ examination was carried out at the immunology laboratory of BBLabkesmas Surabaya. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, from the results of Fisher's exact test can be seen the significance value = 0.05. The results of the study were 18 respondents out of 20 respondents showed reactive results in the RPR and Anti TP examinations, 2 respondents showed non-reactive results in the RPR examination and Reactive anti TP examination, so that 90% of respondents had syphilis co-infection. The average CD4+ count of the respondents was 713 cells/ul. where the normal value of adult healthy human CD4+ is 500 - 1500 cells/ul. The research data processed with Fisher's exact test resulted in a significant value of 0.521. which means the P value> 0.05. From this study it can be concluded that there is no relationship between syphilis co-infection and CD4+ count in ODHIV (people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
HbA1c Levels On High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) And Fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA) Methods
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is an ideal parameter for the diagnosis and control of diabetes mellitus, reflecting the average blood glucose level through the non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and hemoglobin. Although HPLC is the gold standard of HbA1c measurement, this method is expensive and complex. This study aims to evaluate HbA1c measurement using Fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA), which is faster, simpler, and cost-effective. This study is a comparative study with a cross-sectional design to compare HbA1c levels using HPLC and FIA methods. The sample consisted of 30 patients of Klinik Utama Pramita Surabaya, with venous blood taken using EDTA tubes. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon test based on data distribution. Method validation included correlative analysis, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results showed that HPLC and FIA methods produced similar HbA1c distributions. Wilcoxon test showed no significant difference between the two methods (p-value =0.094). The sensitivity of the FIA method was 94.4%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 92.9%, and accuracy 96.7. This study shows that the HPLC and FIA methods provide similar results in the measurement of HbA1c levels, with high levels of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy. The overall results support the use of the FIA method in the measurement of HbA1c for diabetes diagnosis and management, given its good analytical performance and compatibility with the HPLC method.
Leukocyte and Platelite Cell Counts With C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Values in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a health problem caused by infection with dengue viruses (DENVs). Hematological examination of the number of leukocyte and platelet cells is carried out because thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and leukocytosis are often found in this infection. Inflammation in Dengue Fever conditions can be detected using C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as an inflammation biomarker. This study aims to determine the correlation between the number of leukocyte and platelet cells with CRP values in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever patients. The research methodology in this study is correlation analysis using a cross sectional approach. The sample size in this study was 40 blood samples infected with the dengue virus. This research was carried out at the Prima Main Clinic in Surabaya in February - March 2024. Routine hematological examination of leukocyte and platelet cell counts used the Sysmex XP-100 flow cytometer method and examination of CRP values using the Wondfo CRP test using the fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) method. The results of this study showed that 30% of patients experienced leukopenia, 37.5% leukocytosis, 100% thrombocytopenia, 77.5% of patients had high CRP results. The correlation in this study between leukocytes and CRP with a p value of 0.041 and the correlation of platelets with CRP with a p value of 0.00, meaning that there is a relationship between the number of leukocytes and platelets and the value of ¬C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in conditions of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever infection because (p < 0.05).
Acceptability and Fiber Content Analysis of Velva Javer (Red Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) with the Addition of Havermout (Avena Sativa) as an Alternative Snack for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a condition where blood glucose levels >120 mg/dL. IDF re-ports that in 2021 the number of diabetes patients worldwide reach 537 million. Controlling diabetes risk factors can be done by implementing a healthy lifestyle. Fiber is crucial in regulating the diet of diabetic patients, fiber works by slowing the absorption of nutrients. Guava and havermout are one of the high-fiber food sources that play a role in diabetes management. Using a true experimental re-search design by giving treatment to samples, which then collected data obtained from organoleptic tests by 25 trained panelists. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and subsequently the Mann-Whitney test. The gavimetric method was used to determine the fiber content. From the organoleptic test, the control formulation got the highest average of 4.06 and for the treatment formula-tion, formulation 2 with a value of 3.77. Formulation 2 has a higher fiber content with 2.02g/100g. While for the statistical test, there was a significant difference in the aroma indicator between the control formulation and the treatment formula-tion. Formulation 2 has the highest fiber content so that it can be used as an alter-native snack for diabetic patients.
Characteristics of Postpartum Mothers with Postpartum Depression in Surabaya
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a psychological/emotional problem that is often experienced by women after giving birth. Women who experience Postpartum Depression can cause short- term and long-term psychological disorders in both the mother and her child, disturbances in the mother and baby's affection, decreased attention from the mother to her baby, difficulty for the child in establishing social relationships with the environment and peers, and conflict in the household. In fact, many sufferers of Postpartum Depression kill their children and intend to commit suicide. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of Postpartum Depression. The method in this study is a type of quantitative research method. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. This study was conducted at the Haji Hospital in Surabaya. The population in this study were: All mothers with Postpartum depression in Surabaya as the case group and the control group were mothers without postpartum depression. The sample in this study was some mothers with Postpartum Depression and normal mothers at the Haji Hospital in Surabaya. The sampling technique used probability sampling with the systematic random sampling method, namely by waiting for the arrival of the respondents. The results of the study conducted on 68 postpartum mothers found that social support, marital satisfaction, and emotional regulation are characteristics of risk factors for depression in postpartum mothers. Social support can be said to be an external factor that comes from people around, both from husbands, family and friends. Marital satisfaction and emotional regulation can be considered as internal factors of the mother that determine postpartum depression in mothers.
Factors Affecting Diet to Prevent Hypertension in Young Adults at Posbindu PTM Gedangan Village Karangrejo Tulungagung Regency
Diet is a composition of the type and amount of food consumed by a person or group of people at a certain time consisting of meal frequency, type of meal, and portion of meal. In general, factors that influence the formation of dietary patterns are economic, socio-cultural, environmental, religious, and educational factors. This study aims to identify the factors that influence dietary patterns to prevent hypertension in young adults. This research uses descriptive method. The sample in this study were 29 young adults who visited in May 2024. The variables in this study are dietary patterns to prevent hypertension, economic factors, socio-cultural factors, and environmental factors. The location and time of this research was at Posbindu PTM Gedangan Village Karangrejo Tulungagung Regency in May 2024. The method of data collection was by filling out a questionnaire. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques consist of editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating. The results obtained diet in young adults mostly good diet, economic factors in young adults almost half have good economic factors, socio-cultural factors in young adults almost half have good socio-cultural factors, and environmental factors in young adults mostly have good environmental factors. The dominant factors as factors influencing diet to prevent hypertension in young adults are economic factors, socio-cultural factors, and environmental factors. It is expected that young adults can increase awareness of the importance of maintaining a diet and seek information about the importance of maintaining a diet to prevent hypertension through print and electronic media.
Risk Factors for the Incident of TBC in Primary School Age Children in the Rangkah and Pacar Keling Public Health Area, Surabaya
TB or tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which mostly attacks the lungs, but can also affect other body organs. The cause of TB that influences a person's possibility of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is low body immunity (immunosuppression). This study aimed to analyze risk factors (nutritional status, medical history, smoking, place of residence) with the incidence of TB in elementary school children in the Rngkah and Pacar Keling Community Health Center area, Surabaya. The type of research was descriptive with a cross-sectional research design. Sampling was done using a sample quota of 200 grade 2 and grade 5 school children aged 6-12 years. Data variables include characteristics and nutritional status of school children at risk of TB. Bivariate data analysis in the form of nutritional status, risk of TB using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis in the form of TB treatment and smoking using the logistic regression test. TB treatment was not significantly associated with the incidence of TB (OR = 0.65, CI 95%, p = 0.666). Smoking was not significantly related to the incidence of TB (OR = 4.163, CI 95%, p=0.572). Nutritional status was significantly related to the incidence of TB (p<0.001). Active smoking has a very high influence and nutritional status has a significant influence on the incidence of TB, so there is a need for closer monitoring of school children to reduce the incidence of TB.
Analysis of the Quality of Examination of Cleaning Workers' Feature Samples Using the Saturated NaCl and ZnSO4 33% Method
Worm infections are caused by one of the soil-borne intestinal nematodes called Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH). One of the agents of soil pollution is garbage. Cleaners are among the workers who have a high risk of contracting helminthiasis. The purpose of fecal examination is for early detection of helminth egg infection, especially intestinal nematodes of the Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) group. The method used is flotation with saturated NaCl solution and 33% ZnSO4. This study is an observational study aimed at comparing the quality of the two reagents that can be used in the examination of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) eggs. The study used 30 samples of feces of janitors and 3 repetitions of each sample were carried out with 2 methods to determine the quality of the results. The results of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) eggs with saturated NaCl reagent with a mean of 8.86, while ZnSO4 33% with a mean of 20, the difference from the 2 methods is 11.43. In this study using the data normality test and the Mann-Whitney U test, the results obtained Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 0.034. The value of Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) <0.05 concluded that there was a significant difference between the quality of the examination of Saturated NaCl and 33% ZnSO4. The conclusion of this study is that the most effective is the use of ZnSO4 33% for the flotation method with an average result of 20.
Differences in Maintance of Dental and Mouth Cleanless Before and After Using Sigibel Pop Up Box Media
Problems: The problem in this research is the high percentage of debris index scores in class IV students at Sidosermo 1 State Elementary School, Wonocolo District, Surabaya Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the difference in maintaining oral hygiene before and after using the Sigibel Pop-Up Box media. Methods: The data collection method used is a questionnaire sheet. This type of research is Quasi Experiment with a target number of 54 students by filling in pretest and posttest questionnaires. The data analysis technique is to carry out tests using the SPSS data processing application with the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of this study can be concluded that there is a difference in the maintenance of dental and oral hygiene before and after counseling using the Sigibel Pop-Up Box media with the average knowledge about maintenance of students before counseling using the Sigibel Pop-Up Box media is less and the average knowledge about maintenance students after counseling using the Sigibel Pop-Up Box media is good.
The Relationship Backpack Weight with Musculoskeletal Pain in Students
The majority of health problems among adolescents in Indonesia are related to nutritional status. Adolescents require higher nutrient intake to support their growth phase. One factor is breakfast. Sleep quality is also another factor that af-fects nutritional status. Accelerated classes are classes with a faster learning mod-el. The busy study schedule can cause breakfast and sleep quality to be greatly neglected due to study activities. Research objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between breakfast and sleep quality with the nutritional status of accelerated class students at MAN Kota Surabaya. This research is an observa-tional analytic study conducted using a cross-sectional approach with a sample of 75 people. Data collection methods were carried out through interviews, ques-tionnaires, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the Spearman Rank Correlation test. Relationship between breakfast and nutritional status showed a p-value = 0.029 (<0.05). The research results for the analysis of the re-lationship between sleep quality and nutritional status showed a p-value = 0.497 (>0.05). There is a relationship between breakfast and nutritional status among accelerated class students at MAN Kota Surabaya. Furthermore, there is no rela-tionship between sleep quality and nutritional status among accelerated class stu-dents at MAN Kota Surabaya.
The Influence Factors Implementing In Hospitals the Use of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Evidence Based Nursing Practice (EBNP) is an approach to improve the quality of patient safety and patient care outcomes with the highest quality and as efficiently as possible. The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that influence nurses in implementing EBNP in RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro. This type of analytical research uses a cross sectional design. The research subjects were some nurses at RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro with a total of 50 people. The independent variable of the study is the factor that influences nurses to implement EBNP and the dependent variable is the implementation of EBNP. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis using Pearson correlation test with = 0.05. There is no relationship between the factors of attitude, intention, subjective norms of nurses in the implementation of EBNP in RSUD Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro (p=0.612>α=0.05). More than half of the nurses agreed (66%), but some did not implement EBNP. Almost all (96%) nurses have intentions but only a small proportion of nurses implement EBNP (41.7%). Most nurses have subjective norms agreeing to EBNP (80%), but more than half (62.5%) do not implement it. Hospital Nurse Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro more than half of the nurses have implemented EBNP by 58% (29 people) and some others have not implemented EBNP by 42% (21 people). Hospital nurse Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro stated the hospital's support for the implementation of EBNP, including the availability of wifi or computers, availability of accessible journals, having attended EBNP training, management support. Barriers to the implementation of EBNP are the absence of library facilities or reading rooms that provide subscriptions to journals related to EBNP by 86%, the absence of an obligation to carry out EBNP by 66%, the number of patients and non-care tasks so that they cannot carry out EBNP.
Accuracy and Precision of HDL Measurement With the Precipitation Method and LDL Measurement With the Friedewald Method Compared to the Enzymatic Method Using a Chemistry Analyzer
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) is a lipoprotein with high density that transports LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) from peripheral blood vessels to the liver. LDL, a cholesterol-rich lipoprotein, can cause health issues if levels are too high. HDL levels can be measured by the precipitation method, while LDL levels are measured by the Friedewald method. To ensure these methods' feasibility, their accuracy and precision must be known. Accuracy refers to how closely examination results match the actual value, while precision refers to the consistency of repeated results. This study aimed to assess the accuracy and precision of HDL measurement by the precipitation method and LDL measurement by the Friedewald method compared to the enzymatic method using a chemistry analyzer. A descriptive analytic approach was used, with research conducted from December 2023 to May 2024 at RSUD Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur, East Java Province, and Farmalab Laboratory. The study involved 35 samples for accuracy and 2 for precision, analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results showed that the HDL precipitation method had an accuracy of 107%, while the Friedewald method for LDL had an accuracy of 95%. Precision (CV) for HDL was 4% for both samples, and for LDL, it was 1% and 2% in the first and second samples, respectively. Both methods' accuracy and precision fall within acceptable limits.
Smart Toothbrush to Get Knowledge and Action of Toothbrushing for Children
Health promotion plays an important role in the success of the health service system. In Indonesia, although the DMFT (Decayed, Missing due to caries and Filled teeth) index of primary teeth in the 3-5 age group has decreased since 2018, it is still in the high category, namely 4.9 in the 3-4 year age group, and 6.7 in the 5-year age group. The upgraded health promotion media needs to be conducted. This study creates a smart toothbrush TOMON to teach tooth brushing for health promotion. This study analyzes the influence of TOMON on the knowledge and actions of children regarding tooth brushing and dental health. This study utilized pre-test and post-test with a control group design and analyzed the influence using Wilcoxon and differences value with Mann-Whitney tests. The samples were 16 students of class 3 in SD Al Azhar 14 Semarang, following the Slovin formula. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The results show that TOMON does not influence the knowledge of the respondents both in the control and intervention groups with p-values of 0.317 and 0.655 respectively. There is also no difference in the value of knowledge. Meanwhile, there is a significant influence on the action with a p-value of 0.018 in the intervention group at the post-test and differences significantly with a p-value of 0.002. In conclusion, TOMON has an impact on the action of tooth brushing and dental health maintenance and doesn't impact the knowledge.
Overview of Knowledge About Gastritis Disease in Adolescents at SMAN 3 Tuban
Gastritis is a stomach disease that can attack at any age in developing countries and in developed countries it is mostly found in teenagers. The number of gastritis sufferers is between men and women, it turns out that gastritis occurs more often in women than men. Gastritis worldwide affects more than 1.7 billion. The aim of this research was to determine the description of knowledge about gastritis in adolescents at SMAN 3 Tuban. Descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. The research population was all 11th grade teenagers at SMAN 3 Tuban, totaling 252 teenagers, with a sample size of 155 teenagers. The sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling. The research variable is a description of knowledge about gastritis in adolescents. The method for collecting data is by distributing questionnaires using Google Form and then processing the data using the SPSS application to see the percentage of research data. The results showed that most (59%) teenagers were 17 years old, while the majority (62%) were female. Almost all of the teenagers at SMAN 3 Tuban had good knowledge, 118 people (76%) about gastritis. Almost all of those with good knowledge (85%) are 18 years old, and almost all of those with good knowledge (83%) are male. This shows that students' knowledge about gastritis at SMAN 3 Tuban shows that they have a good understanding of gastritis. With proper knowledge about gastritis, teenagers can be more aware of the causes and risk factors for this disease, such as consumption of spicy and sour foods, irregular eating habits, stress, and use of certain medications. This helps them take effective preventive measures. It is hoped that teenagers can apply the knowledge they have by living a healthy lifestyle and seeking information about gastritis through good and correct media to prevent and increase information about gastritis.
Use of Puzzle Media on Dental and Oral Cleanliness in Class V Students
Background: Debris is one of the dental and oral hygiene problems that school-aged children often encounter. Children aged 6-14 years are a critical age for dental and oral hygiene problems. The problem of this research is the poor debris index of class V students at SDN Sidoklumpuk Sidoarjo. The aim of this research is to determine the use of puzzle media for dental and oral hygiene in class V students at SDN Sidoklumpuk Sidoarjo. This research method is a Quasy Experiment with a pretest-posttest with control group design, with a sample size of 56 students. Data collection in this study was by observation with pretest and posttest to determine students' oral and dental hygiene. The population in this study were fifth grade students at SDN Sidoklumpuk Sidoarjo. Analysis of research data using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results There were differences regarding dental and oral hygiene before and after counseling using puzzle media. The conclusion of this research is that there is an increase in dental and oral hygiene before and after counseling using puzzle media.
Perceptual Deafness in Workers Exposed To Grinding Machine Noise in Karangankidul Village, Benjeng Subdistrict, Gresik
Perceptual deafness among workers exposed to grinding machine noise causes a decrease in cochlear function such as hearing, unable to communicate properly, mental and emotional changes resulting in a decrease in quality of life, and social situations feel exhausting and stressful. The purpose of this study is to determine the description of perceptual deafness in workers exposed to grinding machine noise in Karangankidul Village, Benjeng District, Gresik. It is descriptive research. The population is 30 workers and all of them were chosen as the study samples. Measuring instruments using tuning forks, observation sheets, and questionnaires. The data type is ordinal. Data analysis is presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. The results showed 8 workers (27%) who experienced perceptual deafness. It can be concluded that most workers do not experience perceptual deafness (normal hearing). Efforts can be made by providing APT so that workers can use it while working safely and avoid health problems, conducting regular hearing checks, and making policies related to noise control.
Overview of Nutritional Status And Anemia Prevalence In Adolescent Females In Sidoarjo District
Background: Nutritional status and anemia are important health issues that significantly affect adolescent girls. Adolescence is a critical period for growth and development, so poor nutritional status can have long-term impacts on health and quality of life. Anemia and poor nutritional status in adolescent girls can have an impact when they become prospective mothers, namely at risk of pregnancy with chronic energy deficiency (CED). Pregnant women with CED are at risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight (LBW). LBW babies are at risk of stunting. Objective: This study aims to describe the nutritional status and incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. Method: This study used a descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 241 female adolescents aged 14-18 years old taken from 2 senior high schools in Sidoarjo Regency. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements (height and weight) and blood sampling for hemoglobin analysis. Results: The results showed that 24% of female adolescents were malnourished, characterized by a body mass index (BMI) below the normal limit. Of the 24%, 14.5% were in the mild wasting category and 9.5% in the severe wasting category. The incidence of anemia among the sample was 46.9%, with an average hemoglobin level significantly lower than the standard reference value. Of the 46.9%, 23.7% were in the mild anemia category, 20.3% in the moderate anemia category, and 2.9% in the severe anemia category. Conclusion: Suboptimal nutritional status and anemia are common health problems among adolescent girls. Interventions that emphasize improving dietary patterns, iron supplementation, and health education need to be prioritized to improve nutritional status and prevent anemia among adolescent girls.
Social Capital Model to Increase Sustainability Awareness in Dengue Fever (DHF) Prevention with One House One Mosquito Net (GESARUSAJU) Movement
Dengue fever cases in Magetan are increasing from year to year. In 2021, there were 208 cases of dengue fever in Magetan, 3 people died. In 2022, from January to September 2022, it increased to 322 cases and 5 people died, it is predicted that it will continue to increase along with the change of the hot rainy season or unpredictable weather. Objectives: To analyze the social capital model of dengue fever endemic areas and the influence of social capital on sustainability awareness in preventing dengue fever in Magetan Regency. Method: This study consists of 2 stages. Stage 1: Identification and analysis of factors that are indicators of Social Capital in the community and compiling a Social Capital approach model to increase Sustainability Awareness in preventing DHF using an observational survey with a Cross Sectional design. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in several social capital indicators between dengue fever endemic areas and dengue fever free areas. There is a significant difference in sustainability awareness between dengue fever endemic and dengue fever-free areas, where good sustainability awareness is found in dengue fever-free areas. There is an influence of several social capital indicators on sustainability awareness in dengue fever endemic and dengue fever-free areas, where in dengue fever endemic areas the factors that influence are values, cooperation, and participation. Meanwhile, in DHF-free areas, the factors that influence values are belief systems, cooperation, participation, attitudes and satisfaction.
Correlation Of HbA1c Leveles With Urine Ketone Levels In Patient With Diabetes Melitus In RSUD Haji Surabaya East Java province
Diabetes is a chronic metabolism disease which characterized by increased blood glucose caused by the pancreas not producing enough insulin for the body or the body experiencing insulin resistance. The recommended examination to control glicaemic blood glucose in patient with diabetes is HbA1c. The fat metabolism caused when body have no enough glucose to process. The fat metabolism can caused ketone bodies enhacement and detected in blood or urine. Purpose of the research is to know the correlation of HbA1c levels with urine ketones levels in patient with diabetes melitus. This research is an correlational study with cross sectional case study, data of HbA1c collected by secondary data and data of urine ketons collected by data primer. The research was carried out at Laboratory in RSUD Haji Surabaya East Java Province on March-April 2024. The results showed there is no a significant correlational between HbA1c levels with urine ketone levels in patient with diabetes melitus (p=0,371). Even though there is no a significant correlational, for patient with diabetes melitus should manage the diet, do insulin intake routinely and suggested to do examination for urine ketone regurally to control the risk of complications.
The Role of Self Efficacy in the Increased Motivation of Hypertension Patients in the Prevention of Hypertension Crisis in the Working Area of the Surabaya City Health Center
Hypertension is often asymptomatic, which leads many sufferers to be unaware of or underestimate the condition, resulting in uncontrolled hypertension that can potentially lead to a hypertensive crisis. Although hypertension can be managed, it cannot be cured. Therefore, motivation to control blood pressure is crucial in preventing hypertensive crises. However, research indicates that approximately 44.4% of hypertensive patients have low motivation to adhere to treatment. This highlights the importance of efforts to increase motivation, which warrants further investigation. In relation to these issues, the aim of this study is to identify and analyze the influence of self-efficacy on the motivation of patients in preventing hypertensive crises. This study is an analytical observational research using a cross-sectional approach, involving hypertensive crisis patients in the working area of the Surabaya City Health Center. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using the Slovin formula. The independent variable is self-efficacy, while the dependent variable is motivation. Data analysis was performed using a linear regression test with the SmartPLS program. The results showed that self-efficacy had a significant effect on the motivation of hypertensive crisis patients.
The Use of Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) to Replace Xylene as a Clearing Agent in Tissue Processing
Clearing is the process of removing alcohol from the tissue so that paraffin can bind to the tissue. If the tissue still contains alcohol the paraffin cannot bind to the tissue, the tissue will be “ripe on the outside, raw on the inside” and can cause the tissue to be difficult to cut. Xylene is a chemical that is often used in the clearing process, although effective, the use of Xylene has adverse effects on health and is expensive. Therefore, citronella oil is expected to be used as a substitute for Xylene with lower health effects. Citronella oil contains essential oils, the most common compound found in essential oils is terpene. Terpene is a non-polar isolate, non-polar isolates can attract alcohol because alcohol is polar. This study aims to determine whether or not there is a difference in the microscopic picture of preparations that are cleared using Xylene and lemongrass oil in tissue processing. This research was conducted at the Cytohistotechnology Laboratory of the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology of the Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University on January 26-February 25, 2024. The study was processed using kruskal wallis and mann whitney tests with the results of p = 0.056 > α 0.05, so there were no differences in the quality of hepatic histology preparations of mice. Preparations cleared with Xylene as many as 9 (56.25%) preparations can be said to be good and 7 (43.75%) preparations can be said to be less good. While preparations that are cleared using citronella oil as much as 3 (18.75%) can be said to be good and 13 (81.25%) preparations can be said to be less good. Although there is no difference between the two groups, preparations cleared using Xylene are still better.
Fasting Glucose Level In Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Glucometers With And Without Dry Cotton Swabs When Taking Capillary Blood
Errors in using glucometers can lead to inaccuracies in blood glucose measurement, ranging from 90%-97%. This study aims to determine the fasting glucose levels of diabetic patients measured using a glucometer in groups with and without the use of a dry cotton swab. This research used a quasi experimental design. The examination methods for the test materials included a glucometer and the GOD-PAP. The study population consisted of all diabetes mellitus patients undergoing laboratory tests at Wonolangan Probolinggo Hospital. A sample of 30 patients was taken. The mean fasting blood glucose level for the group with capillary blood samples taken with a dry cotton swab was 141.17 mg/dl. For the group with capillary blood samples taken without a dry cotton swab, the mean was 131.93 mg/dl. For venous blood samples with NaF anticoagulant tested using the GOD-PAP method, the mean was 145.63 mg/dl. The statistical test resulted in a significance value of 0.331 > 0.05. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference between capillary blood samples with and without the dry cotton swab. However, in terms of health science, there is a difference in the glucose measurement results: the POCT glucose level compared to the gold standard method (GOD-PAP) had a difference of 9.24 mg/dl (for the group with a dry cotton swab) and a mean difference of 13.7 mg/dl (for the group without a dry cotton swab).
What is the Best Method for Review Utilization Dental health Care at Primary Health Care Cooperation with Indonesian National Health Insurance (INHI)?
The Indonesian National Health Insurance (INHI), initiated in 2014, encompasses dental healthcare services delivered by dentists in primary healthcare facilities. The remuneration model for healthcare practitioners is based on capitation, which involves payment per registered patient without consideration of the number of patient visits. INHI's monitoring has revealed a significant number of patients referred to advanced healthcare services. This study aims to explore and propose effective strategies for reducing the number of dental referrals, such as improving dental skills, enhancing IT-related capabilities, and providing government guidance. The research methodology employed a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving INHI facilitators and 30 dentists selected based on referral ratio data, focusing on instances where the number of referrals did not align with patient visits over the past three months. The INHI facilitators, who played a crucial role in guiding the discussions and providing insights, were instrumental in the success of the study. The dentists were categorized into three groups: those working in community health centers (Group A), family dentists (Group B), and primary clinics (Group C). A follow-up FGD occurred two months later to assess changes in the referral ratio. The findings highlighted specific challenges within each group. Group A exhibited a relatively low referral ratio, likely due to government guidance. Group B comprised senior dentists with limited IT-related capabilities, while Group C consisted of fresh graduates needing more experience in dental skills. Following discussions, facilitators guided Groups B and C, resulting in reduced referral ratios across all groups in the subsequent two months. The study concludes that routine monitoring of selected dentists is the most effective method for evaluating dental care delivery and addressing referral concerns.
Accuracy and Precision of Blood Glucose Level Examination Using the POCT Method on a New Device with an Old Device Agains the GOD-PAP Method
Blood glucose testing using the POCT method is currently often used because it uses capillary blood samples with a small volume. Quality control of POCT equipment is needed to see the accuracy value and precision value so that the feasibility of the method used is known. The accuracy value is a precise measurement in accordance with the correct value while the precision value is the accuracy of the examination results when replicated with the same sample. This study aims to determine the accuracy and precision of blood glucose testing using the POCT method on new devices and old devices against the GOD-PAP method. This study used analytic observational method with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in the clinical chemistry laboratory of the Surabaya kemenkes polytechnic and the GOD-PAP examination at the Surabaya health laboratory. It was carried out on November, 2023-February, 2024. Using 30 test materials from Surabaya poltekkes kemenkes students. The results of the study obtained the accuracy value of the POCT method on the new device against the GOD-PAP method obtained an average percentage inaccuracy of 0.87%. While the POCT method on the old device obtained an average percentage of inaccuracy of -2.87%. The results of the precision value of blood glucose levels of the POCT method on the new device obtained an average KV of 3.71% and on the old POCT method obtained a KV of 8.52%. This conclusion is that the accuracy value of the POCT method on new device and old device is accurate because it is still in the range of 10%. While the precision value on the new device has high accuracy because it has an imprecision value that is lower than the maximum CV limit of blood glucose examination, which is 5%. The old device has lower precision because it has an imprecision value that is higher than the maximum CV limit of blood glucose examination.
Organoleptic of Pulp Capping Paste-Based Casein and Lactoferrin Cow's Milk
Introduction: Pulp capping is a caries treatment, so teeth withstand for a long time in the oral cavity. The pulp capping material is expected to not only stimulate the mineralization of the pulp tissue to form reparative dentin in the various area, but it might be able to adhere and stay for a long time in dental tissues. Casein Cow's milk has a protein content that can stimulate the remineralization of dentin. Purpose: Testing the properties of a paste formulation based on casein and cow's milk lactoferrin. Methodology/Approach: Evaluation of dental fillings in the form of pastes made from casein (20.450 gram/liter) and cow's milk lactoferrin (160.370 gram/liter) using the organoleptic test, homogeneity test, spread-ability test, and adhesion test. The ratio used between lactoferrin and casein is 8: 1. The formulations used include F1 (5% Carbopol, 40% ZnO, 2% TiO2, and 20% silica, Ph buffer 6.8), F2 (5% Carbopol, 40% ZnO, 2% TiO2, and 20% silica, 10% PVP, Ph buffer 6.8), F3 (5% Carbopol, 40% ZnO, 2% TiO2, and 20% silica, Eydragit RL 100 10%, Ph 6.8 buffer), F4 ( Carbopol 5%, ZnO 40%, TiO2 2%, and silica 40%, Eydragit RL 100 10%, Dapar Ph 6.8), F5 (Carbopol 5%, ZnO 20%, TiO2 2%, and silica 40%, PVP 10%, Buffer Ph 6.8). Findings: This research shows that there are 5 (five) formulations of pulp-capping paste ingredients. Each formulation of pulp capping paste had different average adhesion, spread, pH, and viscosity (p<0.05). Formulation V has the highest adhesion and spread among other formulations. FI, FIV, and FV toothpaste preparations had the lowest pH among the other groups. However, formulation II showed the best viscosity compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Formulations based on comparing the basic ingredients of casein-lactoferrin in cow's milk with additives having different physicochemical properties.
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Self-Care Management in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Taman Sidoarjo Health Center
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that requires good self-care management to prevent complications. One of the factors that influence the self-care management of Diabetes Mellitus patients is self-efficacy. This study aims to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and self-care management in Diabetes Mellitus patients at Taman Sidoarjo Health Center. The type of research used is quantitative with analytic methods, using purposive sampling techniques. The sample size was 85 patients. Data were collected using a self-efficacy and self-care management questionnaire sheet, each of which amounted to 20 questions with data analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that most respondents had high self-efficacy (64%) and also good self-care management (59%). There is a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care management in Diabetes Mellitus patients at the Taman Sidoarjo Health Center with a p value = 0.000 (<0.05), a correlation coefficient of 0.560 and a positive correlation direction. This means that the higher the self-efficacy, the better the self-care management. Education is needed to maintain adherence to taking diabetes medication, routinely carry out joint exercise every week, hold training to check blood sugar independently and provide education on foot care and diabetes mellitus diet so that patients' blood sugar can be controlled.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescents About Three Basic Risks of Adolescent Reproductive Health (Triad Krr) in High School Schools in Nganjuk District
Three Basic Risk Threats to Adolescent Reproductive Health (Triad KRR) are three risks faced by adolescents, namely risks related to sexuality, HIV/AIDS, and drugs. The purpose of this study was to identify adolescent knowledge about sexuality, HIV/AIDS and drugs. Identifying adolescent attitudes about sexuality, HIV/AIDS, and drugs. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. Quantitative research design is a study whose results are presented in the form of numbers obtained by calculating and measuring. This study uses a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, literature studies and documentation. From this study it was found that the role and function of PIK-R in high schools throughout Nganjuk Regency is to educate adolescents about the TRIAD KRR. The approach used in conveying this information is through individual counseling mediated by PIK-R in each high school under the auspices of the Population and Family Planning Control Service (DPPKB). The supporting factor for this research activity is the support from the Population and Family Planning Control Service (DPPKB), because this activity provides an overview of PIK-R adolescents about the Three Basic Risks of Adolescent Reproductive Health Threats (TRIAD KRR). The results of this study found that adolescents who were members of PIK-R who were educated succeeded in making adolescents understand the importance of understanding sexuality, HIV/AIDS, and narcotics. Adolescents not only understand but also realize it in their daily lives and help people around them to understand and comprehend the importance of sexuality education at an early age.