EFFORTS TO IMPROVE COVID-19 INFECTION PREVENTION BEHAVIOR BASED ON THE ADAPTATION FACTORS OF LAWRENCE GREEN’S THEORY AND THE HEALTH ACTION PROCESS APPROACH AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AT COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS IN SURABAYA CITY

Abstract

Background: Among 147 pregnant women in Surabaya, 8% experienced severe symptoms and 1% were in critical condition. The initial symptoms observed in pregnant women infected with the coronavirus included fever (78%), cough (44%), muscle pain (33%), general fatigue (22%), shortness of breath (11%), and sore throat (22%). This health problem was analyzed using Lawrence Green’s theory and the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model. Object: This study aimed to analyze preventive behaviors against Covid-19 infection among pregnant women using the frameworks of Lawrence Green’s theory and HAPA. Method: This research employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved pregnant women aged 18–35 years. The sample size was calculated using the Cummings and Hulley formula, resulting in 200 respondents. Results: Regression analysis revealed a significant influence of knowledge on behavior (p = 0.001), while attitude (p = 0.185) and information sources (p = 0.235) had no significant effect. Social support significantly influenced behavior (p = 0.002). There was no influence of risk perception (p = 0.361) or outcome perception (p = 0.158) on behavioral intention. However, action self-efficacy significantly affected behavioral intention (p = 0.000), and behavioral intention influenced coping planning (p = 0.000). Maintenance self-efficacy had no effect on coping planning (p = 0.563), but recovery self-efficacy did (p = 0.004). Action planning significantly influenced behavior (p = 0.035), whereas coping planning did not (p = 0.409). Conclusion: Maintenance self-efficacy had a significant effect on preventive behavior (p = 0.003). The most dominant factor influencing preventive behavior was maintenance self-efficacy.