INDOOR AIR QUALITY AT FITNESS CENTERS IN SURABAYA

Abstract

Background: Indoor air quality reflects the condition of air parameters within enclosed spaces and can be defined as the state of air that influences the comfort and health of its occupants. Globally, poor indoor air quality has been associated with 3.8 million deaths, with Southeast Asia accounting for 1.5 million cases. In Indonesia, as one of the countries in this region, 36.5% of deaths have been linked to inadequate indoor air quality. Fitness centres represent a type of enclosed environment that may pose health risks to users if pollution sources are not properly managed. Object: This study aimed to describe the indoor air quality of a fitness centre in Surabaya. The research was conducted in a closed-design fitness centre, where physical parameters (temperature, illumination, humidity, ventilation rate, noise, PM10, and PM2.5), chemical parameters (SO2, NO2, and O3 gases), and biological parameters (airborne bacterial count) were measured. Methods: The results were compared with the Environmental Health Quality Standards based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 2 of 2023. Results: The findings indicated that illumination (53 lux), PM2.5 (30 μg/m3 ), and airborne bacterial count (786.5 CFU/m3 ), exceeded the permissible limits, whereas temperature (18.75oC), humidity (54% RH), ventilation rate (0.22 m/s), PM10 (40 μg/m3 ), noise (54 dBA), sulfur dioxide (7.42 μg/m3 ), nitrogen dioxide (7.345 μg/m3 ), and ozone (3.105 μg/m3 ) met the required standards. Conclusion: It is recommended that the management improve lighting through additional or replacement lamps, restrict outdoor air inflow at the entrance on the first floor, and employ mechanical ventilation to control airborne bacterial levels.